社会主义共同富裕的政法逻辑

The Political and Legal logic of Chinese Socialist Common Prosperity

“鼓励一部分人通过诚实劳动合法经营先富起来”是改革开放后实现共同富裕的基本途径。法律在保护私人财产的同时也会固化既得利益,尤其是收入差异转化为生产要素后加剧了社会的分化和内卷,导致了一系列社会问题。共同富裕是新时代的重要命题。我国法律中蕴含着限制社会分化、支持共同富裕的法律资源。新中国成立之初的社会主义共同富裕规范具有代际约束力,邓小平关于共同富裕的论述构成了国家与公民的一份公法契约,先富者有带动后富者的公法义务,这也对公民的私人财产权施加了外在限制。在分配制度中,除了要在二次分配中强调按劳分配原则外,还要在初次分配中突出劳动相对于资本的优越性,提升劳动的回报率。中国的收入差异处在更大的世界体系之中,实现共同富裕需要注意国际和国内两大视角。未来在追求共同富裕的过程中,需要维持社会活力,努力实现国家、社会、个人的良性互动。

“Encourage some people to get rich first through honest labor and lawful business” is the basic way to achieve common prosperity in Reform and Opening-up Era. The updated law system protected private property while also solidified social class, especially the income differential was intensified after transformed into production factors. The division and involution of society has led to a series of social problems. Common prosperity is an important topic in the New Era. The law system of our country contains abundant legal resources which restrict social differentiation and support common prosperity. The socialist common prosperity norms originated from the beginning of the founding of PRC had inter-generational binding force. Deng Xiaoping’s discourse on common prosperity constituted a public law contract between the country and those got rich first, the public responsibility of them imposed external restrictions on the private property. Emphasizing the principle of distribution according to work in the secondary distribution is the first step to reform the distribution system, while highlight the superiority of labor compare to capital in the primary distribution is also necessary. At the same time, it should be noted that China’s income gap lies in a larger world system, and the achieving of common prosperity requires coordinating the international and domestic perspectives.