《民法典》视角下权利客体理论的双重构造

The Double Construction of the Right Object Theory from the Perspective of Civil Code

为了保持《民法典》的灵活性和开放性,“民事权利”章的部分条文没有列举权利客体,而是规定权利主体享有何种民事权利。这回避了权利客体研究中可能存在的理论分歧,增加了民法学者理解“民事权利”章的难度。为了充分理解已经被列举的权利客体,以及合理推导出未被列举的权利客体,权利客体的概念构造旨在阐释内涵清晰、逻辑统一的权利客体概念,形成类型多样、层次分明的权利客体体系;为了解决权利客体学说相互对立、分歧不断的问题,权利客体的认定构造旨在阐释方法合理、条理清晰的权利客体认定,在界定权利客体形态的同时,关注权利客体认定中的法律价值判断问题。

To maintain the flexibility and openness of the Civil Code, some provisions of the Civil Rights Chapter do not list the object of rights, but stipulate what kinds of civil right shall be entitled to the persons of the civil law. However, it avoids the theoretical disagreements that may exist in the research of the right objects and increases the difficulty of understanding the Civil Rights Chapter. To fully understand the right objects that have been listed, and to rationally derive the unlisted right objects, the concept constitution of the right object aims to explain the concept of the right object with clear connotation and unified logic, and form the system of the right object, which is diverse and hierarchical. To solve the problem that the theory of the object right is contradictory, the identification constitution of the right object aims to explain how to analyze the right objects with reasonable method and clear order, which concerns the legal value, as well as defining the object form of rights.