辽南地区2020年度COVID⁃19流行病学及临床特征分析

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID⁃19 in southern Liaoning Province in 2020

目的探索辽南地区新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID⁃19)病例的流行病学及临床特征,为该病的发病机制研究、进一步的诊疗及疫情防控工作提供依据。方法用回顾性分析方法收集2020年2月至2021年1月辽南地区所有COVID⁃19患者(无症状感染者及轻型/普通型的确诊病例)的基本信息、基础疾病史及入院24 h内临床指标。对其流行病学特征进行描述性分析,并通过成组t(t')检验、Mann⁃Whitney U检验或Pearson χ^(2)检验比较无症状感染组与轻型/普通型组的临床特征,将有差异指标纳入二元Logistic回归模型做进一步分析。结果218例COVID⁃19病例中,59例为无症状感染者(占27.06%),159例为轻型/普通型(占72􀆰94%),男女性别比为0􀆰79∶1.00。31~60岁155例(占71.10%),工人78例(占35.78%),大连市212例(占97.25%)。两组在年龄、住院时间、血小板计数(PLT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、血尿酸(BUA)和C⁃反应蛋白(CRP)比较时差异均有统计学意义。纳入Logistic回归模型得出年龄、LDH和CRP是病毒感染后出现临床症状的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论辽南地区COVID⁃19患者中以轻型/普通型病例居多,地区分布以大连市为主,31~60岁人群居多,职业分布以工人为主。在临床诊疗中,建议对年龄偏大的风险人群尽早进行LDH和CRP两项检查,有助于对阳性感染者疾病的进展做出早期预判,采取更有效的防控措施。

Objective To explore epidemiological and clinical characteristics of corona virus disease 2019(COVID⁃19)in southern Liaoning Province aiming for its pathogenesis and providing evidence to support and opti⁃mize the diagnosis,treatment and prevention.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed by collecting the case information,case history and clinical indicators in 24 hours of admission including asymptomatic and mild/moderate type confirmed cases from February 2020 to January 2021 in southern Liaoning Province.The epidemio⁃logical characteristics were studied by descriptive analysis.The clinical characteristics of asymptomatic infection group and mild/moderate infection group were compared by t test,Mann⁃Whitney U test or pearsonχ^(2) test.The differential indexes were included in the binary Logistic regression model for further analysis.Results In 218 ca⁃ses of COVID⁃19,59 were asymptomatic(27.06%)and 159 were mild/moderate(72.94%).The ratio of males to females was 0.79∶1.00.Among all the patients,155 cases(71.10%)aged 31-60 years old,78 cases(35.78%)were workers and 212 cases(97.25%)were located in Dalian.There were significant differences in age,length of hospital stay,platelet(PLT),lactic dehydrogenase(LDH),total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),blood uric acid(BUA)and c⁃reactive protein(CRP)between the two groups.The logistic regression model showed that age,LDH and CRP were the risk factors of clinical symptoms after virus infection(P<0.05).Conclusions In southern Liaoning Province most of COVID⁃19 cases are mild/moderate.The majority of patients come from Dalian and the main age distribution is 31-60 years old.In terms of clinical diagnosis and treatment,it is suggested that LDH and CRP should be examined as soon as possible for older risk population,that may support early prediction of the disease progress and take more effective prevention and control measures.