抽油机调偏作业安全操作的探索实践

Exploration and practice of safe operation of pumping unit deflection

油田开发中,常规的中轴调偏、毛辫子调偏、杆管扶正、盘根盒调偏等抽油机偏磨治理技术已取得了较大的进步和发展,通过采用抽油机底盘调偏技术进行综合治理也在探索尝试,千斤顶在底盘调偏过程中起到了举重效果好,调整范围大的效果已被现场试验所证实,但均没有实现抽油机设备整机调偏与改善井口偏磨、设备偏磨、杆管偏磨的综合效果。由底板、定位螺栓、定位块、等部分组成的抽油机调偏装置,其在调偏操作中改变了千斤顶的支撑与固定方式,千斤顶双向支撑,起到安全操作作用;千斤顶水平顶举,调整量大且精准,综合改善偏磨效果好,减少井口漏失和杆管失效。现场42台抽油机应用后,操作时间降低73.8 min,成功率100%,操作人员减少2人,安全系数明显提高;井口偏磨现象有效缓解,设备配件损坏频次降低,累计创效18.06万元,对同类机采设备调偏作业具有良好的借鉴意义。

The conventional eccentric wear technologies of pumping units in the oilfield development,such as central shaft deviation adjustment,hair braid deviation adjustment,rod and pipe centralization and packing box deviation adjustment,have made great progress and development.Through the use of pumping unit chassis deviation technology,the comprehensive treatment is also being explored and tried.The jack has good weight lifting effect and wide adjustment range in the process of chassis deviation adjustment,which has been confirmed by field tests.However,they have not achieved the effect.The deviation adjusting device of pumping unit is composed of base plate,positioning bolt and other devices.In the deviation adjusting operation,the support and fixing mode of jack is changed so as to play the role of safe operation in both directions.At the same time,the jack is lifted horizontally,which makes the adjustment amount large and accurate.Additionally,the comprehensive improvement of eccentric wear has a good effect.After the application of 42 pumping units onsite,the operation time is reduced by 73.8 min and the success rate is 100%.Last but not least,the number of operators is reduced by 2 people and the labor intensity is significantly reduced while the safety factor is significantly improved.The phenomenon of wellhead eccentric wear is effectively alleviated and the frequency of damage to equipment accessories was reduced,which achieves environmental protection with a cumulative effect of 180 600 yuan.From the above point of view,this exploration is improved,which has a good reference for the deviation adjustment operation of similar mechanical equipment.