2020年包头市中小学生近视现状分析

Prevalence of myopia in primary and secondary school students in Baotou,2020

目的掌握内蒙古自治区包头市中小学生近视现况及其影响因素,为制定近视科学防控策略和针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法抽取包头市8591名学生进行调查,利用描述性流行病学方法分析包头市学生近视现状,利用多因素logistic回归分析筛选影响近视的危险因素和保护因素。结果包头市学生整体近视率为73.1%,其中,小学生近视率为57.6%;初中生近视率为77.1%;高中生近视率为87.2%。先单因素后多因素法logistic回归分析显示,女生、学段增高以及校外用眼(1周内平均每天放学后读写时间2 h以上、参加课外补习班、1周内参加课外补习班2 h以上);近距离用眼(包括视屏时间超过2 h、经常或总是天黑后关灯看电子屏幕、经常躺着或趴着看书或电子屏幕、经常走路或乘车时看书或电子屏幕、近距离用眼时间超过50 min);读写姿势错误、老师不提醒读写姿势;白天户外活动时间少、每天睡眠时间不达标是近视的危险因素。郊县、一学年调整一次课桌椅高度、在校每日做2次以上眼保健操、课间休息到户外是近视的保护因素。结论建议地方政府出台政策、家校联动、医教结合、多部门共同参与,采取干预措施,降低学生近视发病率。

Objective To understand the prevalence of myopia and its influencing factors in primary and secondary school students in Baotou and provide evidence for the development of myopia prevention and control strategies and targeted intervention measures.Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 8591 primary and secondary school students in Baotou to conduct the survey.The current myopia prevalence in Baotou students was analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological methods,and the risk factors and protective factors were identified using multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results The overall prevalence rate of myopia in students in Baotou was 73.1%,and the prevalence rate was 57.6%in primary school students,77.1%in junior high school students and 87.2%in senior high school students.The univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses showed that being girl,higher grade and out-of-school eye use(reading and writing for more than 2 hours a day averagely in a week,attending tutoring classes,attending tutoring classes for more than 2 hours in a week);short distance eye use(watching electronic screens for more than 2 hours,often or always watching electronic screens without turning on light in the evening,often lying on back or stomach to read book or watch computer screen,and reading books or watching electronic screens while walking or riding frequently,using eyes at short distance for more than 50minutes);incorrect reading and writing posture,no correct reading and writing posture advice from teachers;less time spent outdoors during daytime and poor sleep were risk factors for myopia.Living in suburban area,adjusting the height of desks and chairs once a school year,doing eye exercises at school more than twice a day and outdoor break were protective factors for myopia.Conclusion It is necessary to make joint efforts by local government,families,schools and medical institutions to reduce the prevalence of myopia in students.