中国婚姻匹配对教育回报率的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Assortative Mating in China on the Returns to Education

在我国经济崛起与社会结构大变革的时代,教育回报率的逐步提升引致中国婚姻匹配的标准与模式随之变迁,但婚姻匹配与教育回报率间的关联机制与影响路径尚不明晰。本文基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,实证分析中国婚姻匹配与教育回报率的双重转变之下,教育婚姻匹配类型对个人教育回报率的新影响。研究发现,婚姻匹配对教育回报率具有显著的异质性影响,婚姻中教育高低匹配对教育回报率的负向调节作用更强,为当下同质性教育婚配盛行提供了经济依据与经济解释。此外,在各收入分布中,中低收入群体的教育向上婚配对个人教育回报率的提升更为强劲。有鉴于此,应借助完善的社会保障制度促进婚姻价值评价标准与内涵的多元化发展,通过教育提升社会劳动力的人力资本,加强对低收入群体的教育扶持。

In the era of China’s economic rising and great changes in social structure, the gradual increase of returns to education has inducted the change of preference and pattern of marriage matching. However, the relationship mechanism and influence path between marriage matching and returns to education is still not clear. Under the double transition of China’s marriage matching and returns to education, this paper empirically analyses the new influence of marriage matching model on personal return to education based on the data from CGSS(China General Social Survey), and finds that marriage matching has a significant heterogeneous influence on personal return to education and marriage pattern of High-Low education has a stronger negative moderating effect on returns to education than other education marriage patterns. These findings provide the economic basis and explanation of education homogeneous marriage match model, which is the prevailed marriage matching pattern in nowadays China. Furthermore, the improvement about education-upping marriage matching on personal return to education of low and middle-income groups is the most evident among the different income distributions. According to our study, the governments in China should promote the diversified development of marriage valuing standard and connotation by the completed social security system and increase the human resource of labors from society bottom by providing vocational education.And increasing the education support set for low and middle-income groups.