乡村公路建设、农业劳动生产率与城乡收入差距——基于空间杜宾模型的实证分析

RURAL ROADS CONSTRUCTION,AGRICULTURAL LABOR PRODUCTIVITY,AND URBAN-RURAL INCOME GAP——An Empirical Analysis Based on the Spatial Durbin Model

本文在两部门一般均衡模型中引入乡村公路建设,从理论上说明了乡村公路建设、农业劳动生产率及城乡收入差距之间的关系。本文利用我国2002—2018年省际面板数据,构建空间计量模型和中介效应模型,实证检验了乡村公路建设对城乡收入差距的影响及内部机制。研究发现,乡村三级、四级公路建设显著缩小了区域城乡收入差距,同时乡村二级公路建设对附近地区产生了空间溢出效应,即促进了周边区域城乡收入差距缩小。机制分析发现,乡村公路建设通过提高技术效率来提升农业劳动生产率,以实现城乡收入差距缩小。此外,乡村公路建设对不同地区影响具有异质性,其显著降低了东部地区城乡收入差距,但在西部地区却产生了虹吸效应,从而扩大了当地城乡收入差距。

This article introduces rural roads construction into the two-sector general equilibrium model,theoretically explaining the relationship among rural roads construction,agricultural labor productivity,and the urban-rural income gap.This paper constructs the spatial econometric model and mediation effect model to empirically test the impact of rural road construction on the urban-rural income gap and its internal mechanism by using China’s inter-provincial panel data from 2002 to 2018.The study finds that the construction of the rural third-grade and fourth-grade roads has significantly reduced the regional urban-rural income gap.The construction of rural secondary-grade roads has a spatial spillover effect on surrounding areas,which means secondary-grade road construction is conducive to narrowing the gap in the surrounding regions.The mechanism analysis results show that the construction of rural roads promotes agricultural labor productivity by improving technical efficiency,reducing the gap between urban and rural areas.In addition,the rural roads construction has a heterogeneous impact on different regions.It significantly reduces the urban-rural income gap in the eastern region.But there is a siphon effect in the western region,thereby expanding the local urban-rural income gap.