诽谤罪价值构造的结构变化——以媒介作为变量的考察

Structural Changes in the Value Structure of Defamation Crimes:A Study of Media as Variables

传播媒介是影响诽谤罪发展演变的重要变量。在现代报刊尚未盛兴的“前大众传播时代”,诽谤罪主要被封建统治阶层作为钳制言论的“利器”。随着传统媒体时代的到来,大众媒介成为信息流动和民意表达的重要载体。由于媒介资源的稀缺性,表达权相对处于优先保护地位,名誉权往往是作为前者的限制条件而存在。进入“人人都是自媒体”的互联网时代,为了平衡表达权与名誉权日趋扩大的势差,诽谤罪的价值构造进入一种新的冲突状态,由此带来表达权与名誉权的比例关系发生了结构变化。在特定媒介时空条件下,相较表达权,名誉权不仅被转而置于优先保护地位,而且其比重及机率或会逐渐加大。刑法对于网络空间公民名誉权进行有针对性的倾向性保护,并不仅仅是为了追求个案的公正,更是为了维护广大人民群众在网络空间的获得感、幸福感、安全感。

Mass media is an important variable factor affecting the development and evolution of defamation crime.In the age of traditional media,due to the scarcity of media resources and mass communication channels,the right of expression is relatively protected,and the right of reputation often exists as a limitation of the former.Entering the era of intelligent communication where"everyone is a self-media",in order to balance the growing potential difference between the right of expression and the right of reputation,the value structure of the crime of libel has entered a new state of conflict,which brings about the conflict between the right of expression and the right of reputation.There will be a structural change in the proportional relationship.Under certain time and space conditions,the right of reputation will not only be placed in a priority protection position compared with the right of expression,but also its proportion and probability may gradually increase.