高矿化度矿井水脱盐技术研究进展

Research progress of highly-mineralized mine water desalination technology

我国西部煤炭产区普遍存在严重缺水和矿井水大量外排的矛盾情况。矿井水大量外排的主要原因是西部地区矿井水水质不达标,其中最主要是因为矿化度过高。通过总结一些常用的和研究热点的矿井水脱盐技术,包括反渗透(RO)、纳滤(NF)、电渗析(ED)、电吸附(EST)和膜蒸馏(MD)技术,认为现有高矿化度矿井水脱盐技术可以实现高效脱盐,产水水质完全可以满足复用和排放要求。针对现有矿井水脱盐技术普遍存在的高能耗、高成本的问题,提出明确“分质处理,分类利用”的适度脱盐以及充分利用西部地区太阳能和地热能的解决思路,有望从源头上降低脱盐成本。

There is a general contradiction between serious water shortage and a large amount of mine water discharged from coal producing areas in Western China.The main reason why a large amount of mine water is discharged is that the mine water quality in the western region is not up to standard,and the most important reason is that the mineralization is too high.This paper summarizes some common and research hotspots of mine water desalination technologies,including reverse osmosis( RO),nanofiltration( NF),electrodialysis( ED),electro adsorption( EST) and membrane distillation( MD) technologies,it is considered that the existing high salinity mine water desalination technology can achieve high-efficiency desalination,and the quality of the produced water can fully meet the reuse and discharge requirements.Based on the common problems of high energy consumption and high cost in the existing mine water desalination technology,the first is to clarify the appropriate desalination idea of“treatment by quality and utilization by classification”,and the second is to make full use of solar energy and geothermal energy in the western region to solve the problem of high cost and high energy consumption of mine water desalination.