中国瘦肉型猪育种目标性状经济权重的测算

Estimation of Economic Weight of Objective Traits for Lean Pigs in China

为了加快我国瘦肉型猪育种的研究进展,制定出符合我国瘦肉型猪育种现状的经济权重。本研究依据中国杜长大三元杂交猪育种现状,选择了适合中国当前杜长大三元杂交体系的目标性状;以生物经济模型为基础模拟猪的生产流程,计算生产周期各阶段成本和收入;先采用差额法计算目标性状的边际效益,再通过各性状的遗传标准差校正得到各育种目标性状的经济权重。结果表明,目前中国瘦肉型猪育种的繁殖、生长和胴体品质性状主要包括窝产活仔数、母猪断配间隔、饲料转化率、达100 kg体重日龄、达100 kg体重背膘厚。在我国现有生产水平和市场条件下,上述各性状的边际效益分别为:19.52、-1.07、-286.95、-8.41、-13.20元。通过计算不同品种的经济权重,得到杜洛克的饲料转化率、达100 kg体重日龄、达100 kg体重背膘厚相对经济权重分别为:50.42%、34.50%、15.08%;长白和大白群体窝产活仔数、母猪断配间隔、饲料转化率、达100 kg体重日龄、达100 kg体重背膘厚的相对经济权重分别为:16.82%、0.22%、39.56%、31.42%、11.98%和32.77%、0.41%、33.22%、24.43%、9.17%。结果显示,目前,在中国瘦肉型猪育种过程中,饲料利用效率应作为育种的主要目标性状,对于不同品种应选择最适合的性状进行育种。

The study aimed to accelerate the progress of lean pig breeding research in China and to develop economic weight that meet the current status of lean pig breeding in China. This study was conducted to select target traits suitable for the current Duroc-Landrace-Large White crossbreeding system in China based on the current breeding status of Duroc-Landrace-Large White crossbreeding pigs in China. The production process of pigs was simulated based on the bio-economic model, and the cost and income at each stage of the production cycle were calculated. The marginal benefits of the target traits were first calculated using the difference method, and then the economic weight of each breeding target trait was obtained by correcting for the genetic standard deviation of each trait. The results showed that it mainly included litter size born alive, sow weaning interval, feed conversion efficiency, days at 100 kg body weight, and backfat thickness at 100 kg body weight in the reproduction, growth and carcass quality traits for lean pig breeding in China at present. Under the existing production level and market conditions in China, the marginal benefits of the above traits were 19.52,-1.07,-286.95,-8.41 and-13.20 yuan, respectively. By calculating the economic weight of different breeds, the relative economic weight of feed conversion efficiency, days at 100 kg body weight, and backfat thickness at 100 kg body weight of Duroc were obtained as 50.42%, 34.50%, and 15.08%, respectively. And the relative economic weight for litter size born alive, sow weaning interval, feed conversion efficiency, days at 100 kg body weight, and backfat thickness at 100 kg body weight for the Landrace and Large White groups were 16.82%, 0.22%, 39.56%, 31.42%, 11.98% and 32.22%, 0.41%, 33.22%, 24.43%, 9.17%, respectively. At present, feed utilization efficiency should be the main target trait for breeding in the breeding process of Chinese lean pigs, and the most suitable trait should be selected for different breeds.