道路建设与边疆的“中心化”:对中老边境云南磨憨的路人类学研究

Road Construction and"Centralization"of Frontiers:A Road Anthropological Study of Mohan in Yunnan Province at China-Laos Border

区位视角下的“中心”和“边缘”是社会文化历时性建构的结果,并随着社会发展而发生转换,现代化的道路建设对于地处传统区位条件下的边疆产生“中心化”的影响。在磨憨镇道路发展史中,传统道路、国道、高速公路和国际铁路分别与磨憨社会空间的地方性、依附性、流动性及全球化紧密相关。由国家推动的道路建设促进边疆地带与传统中心地带之间建立“依附”“连接”和“同构”的空间关系,在此过程中,边疆展现出其区位上的“中心化”过程。道路建设增强了边疆民族地区向国家中心地区依附、靠拢和融合的向心力,强化了边疆连接境内与关外的“通道”身份,推动边疆成为国家对外开放的前沿。

The“center”and“periphery”in the perspective of location are the result of the diachronic construction of social culture,and change with the development of society.The modern road construction has a“centralization”effect on the border areas located in the traditional location conditions.In the history of the development of Mohan road,the traditional road,national road,expressway and international railway are closely related to the locality,dependence,mobility and globalization of the social space in Mohan.The road constructed by the state promotes the establishment of“attachment”,“connection”and“isomorphic”spatial relations between the frontier area and the traditional“central”area.In this process,the frontier area shows the process of“centralization”in its location.Road construction has enhanced the centripetal force of border areas’attachment,convergence and integration to the national center,strengthened the identity of border areas as“passageways”connecting inside and outside the border,and promoted border areas to become the frontier of the country’s opening to the outside world.