认罪认罚自愿性的重申与重释

Reaffirmation and Reinterpretation of Voluntary Plea and Punishment

认罪认罚的本质在于自愿,然认罪认罚自愿性意涵仍不甚明晰。鉴于认罪认罚决策的复杂性以及自愿性保障偏重过程与审查偏重结果的二元性,有必要嵌入社科法学对其进行微观解构与宏观诠释。过程(微观)视域下,认罪自愿性应以自白任意性为前提,以供述真实性为目标。证明难度降低、诉讼程序简化并不等于降低或区分证明标准。认罚自愿性应以悔罪客观性为前提,以听取意见实质性为基础,以刑责认同性为结论。结果(宏观)视域下,认罪认罚自愿性需满足自主能力、信息充分、有效辩护、不受强制四个要件。为此,应规范证据开示以保障信息充分,落实认罪案件审查起诉讯问律师在场制度、引进无效辩护制度以倒逼有效辩护实现。除防范身体强制与心理强制外,还应减少审前羁押、加快庭审实质化改革、规范反悔救济以弱化规则强制。

The essence of pleading guilty and accepting punishment lies in voluntariness, but the connotation of voluntary pleading guilty and accepting punishment is still ambiguous. In view of the complexity of plea decision-making and the duality of voluntary safeguards over the process and review of outcomes, it is necessary to embed the micro-deconstruction and macro-interpretation of social science jurisprudence. From a procedural(microscopic) perspective, the nature of voluntary confession should be premised on the arbitrariness of confessions and the goal of truthfulness. Reducing the difficulty of proof and simplifying litigation procedures does not mean lowering or differentiating the standard of proof. The voluntariness of accepting punishment shall be premised on the objectivity of repentance, on the basis of hearing the substance of opinions, and on the conclusion of recognition of criminal responsibility. From the perspective of results(macroscopic), the voluntariness of admitting guilt and accepting punishment must meet the four elements of autonomy, sufficient information, effective defense, and non-coercion.Therefore, it is necessary to standardize the disclosure of evidence to ensure that information is sufficient,implement lawyers prensence system during stage in plea cases, and introduce an invalid defense system to force the effective defense to be realized. In addition to preventing physical and psychological coercion, it is also necessary to reduce pretrial detention, accelerate substantive reform of court trials, and standardize estoppel remedies to weaken rule enforcement.