建筑工人心理疲劳的形成与影响因素

The Formation and Influencing Factors of Mental Fatigue of Construction Workers

建筑工人心理疲劳易发、频发,极大地影响了工人身心健康。因此,探索工人心理疲劳影响因素,有助于提出更有效的改善方案。从工作、环境、个体3方面,构建工人心理疲劳影响因素模型,运用结构方程探究各因素对心理疲劳的影响路径。结果表明:(1)心理疲劳具体表现为动力减少、认知衰弱、行动迟缓、情绪耗竭;(2)工人心理疲劳的影响因素按照影响程度递减排列为工作回报、枯燥程度、作业负荷、个体特质、工作氛围、工作能力;(3)动力减少主要受枯燥程度、工作回报、工作氛围和个体特质影响,行为迟缓受作业负荷、工作回报、工作氛围、个体特质影响,情绪耗竭受枯燥程度、作业负荷、工作回报、工作氛围和工作能力影响;(4)施工环境对心理疲劳未产生显著影响;(5)各因素对认知衰弱的影响均不显著。

Construction workers are prone to mental fatigue and its frequent occurrence has greatly affected their physical and mental health. Therefore, exploring the factors affecting workers’ mental fatigue can help to propose more effective improvement solutions. The model of the influencing factors of workers’ mental fatigue has been constructed from three aspects: work, environment and individual, and the structural equation model has been used to explore the influence path of each factor on mental fatigue. The results show that:(1) mental fatigue is specifically manifested as reduced motivation, cognitive debilitation, action retardation and emotional exhaustion.(2) The factors that influence workers’ mental fatigue in decreasing order of influence are work reward, tedium, work load, individual traits, working atmosphere and work ability.(3) Decreased motivation is mainly influenced by the degree of tedium, work reward, work atmosphere and individual traits. Behavior retardation is influenced by work load, work reward, work atmosphere and individual traits. Emotional exhaustion is influenced by the degree of tedium, work load, work reward, work atmosphere and work ability.(4) Construction environment doesn’t have a significant effect on mental fatigue.(5) The effects of all factors on cognitive exhaustion are not significant.