及物、介引与名词状语——从命名理据看介词的功能

Transitivity,introduction and noun adverbial——towards the function of prepositions from the perspective of naming motivation

何谓介词?“介”是什么意思?与表意明确的词类名称不同,“介词”的命名理据,字面很难看出。及物,是指动词的控制、处置、管辖能落到对象事物上,可直接带宾语;而动词不及物,与名词无法直接组合,就需要中介。介词就是介绍之词,“介”为“引介”之意,把动词无法管控的非价语义格引进来,介绍给动词,表示动作发生的时间、处所、方式、原因、依据、目的、对象等等。介宾短语常做状语,少数可略去介词,变成名词做状语。

What are prepositions?What does“介”mean?Unlike ideographically explicit class names,the rationale for naming“prepositions”is difficult to find out literally.“Transitive”means that the control,disposal,jurisdiction of verbs can fall on an object,and directly followed by the object.However,non-transitive verbs cannot be directly combined with nouns,and thus an intermediary is necessary.Preposition is the word for introduction.“介”means“introduction”,the non-valent semantic lattice that cannot be controlled by verbs is introduced to the verb,indicating the time,place,manner,reason,basis,purpose and object of the occurring of an action.Prepositional phrases are often used as adverbials,but in few cases,“prepositions”can be omitted and the nouns are used as adverbials.