胆管支架及其涂层材料制备技术研究进展

Research Progress on Preparation Technology of Biliary Stent and Its Coating Materials

胆管支架植入是用于治疗良性胆管狭窄和恶性肿瘤导致的胆管梗阻的重要手段之一,植入类支架的材料功能、表面结构等对其服役性能尤为关键。目前常用的胆管支架有金属和塑料两大类,现有的胆管疾病治疗大数据统计表明,微生物聚集及其引发的炎症是支架植入治疗普遍的问题。因此,可抗菌的多功能胆管支架材料及新型支架开发尤为迫切。纳米银是优良的抑菌、抗菌类材料,被广泛应用于医疗材料领域;仿生超疏水结构和纳米银涂层修饰植入性医用胆管支架的表面,能有效解决细菌滋生和胆道二次堵塞的问题。本文对胆管支架表面纳米银涂层和疏水结构的常用制备方法等进行阐述,通过分析胆管支架的发展、涂层技术和超疏水结构的医学应用实践,总结了胆管支架及表面涂层研究最新进展,并对胆管支架及其涂层材料的发展趋势进行展望。

Bile duct stent implantation is one of the important methods for the treatment of bile duct obstruction caused by benign bile duct stenosis and malignant tumors. The material function and surface structure of the implanted stent are particularly critical to its service performance. At present, the commonly used biliary stents are divided into two categories: metal and plastic. The existing statistics on the treatment of biliary diseases show that the accumulation of microorganisms and the inflammation caused by them are common problems in the treatment of stent implantation. Therefore, the development of antibacterial multifunctional bile duct stent materials and new stents is particularly urgent. Ag nano particle is an excellent antibacterial and antibacterial material, which is widely used in the field of medical materials. The bionic superhydrophobic structure and nano silver coating modify the surface of the implantable medical bile duct stent, which can effectively solve the problem of bacterial growth and secondary blockage of the biliary tract. This article described the common preparation methods of nano-silver coating and hydrophobic structure on the surface of bile duct stents, and summarized the latest developments in the research of bile duct stents and surface coatings by analyzing the development of bile duct stents, coating technology and medical application practice of superhydrophobic structures, and prospected the trend of bile duct stent and its coating materials.