中国老龄社会背景下老年人力资源开发研究

Research on the Development of Elderly Human Resources in China’s Aging Society

当前,我国的人口老龄化发展迅速,在老龄社会背景下开发老年人力资源具有重要意义。通过分析当前我国老年人力资源在继续就业、志愿服务和家庭照顾三个领域的实际参与状况,发现:近年来我国老年人的社会参与有从经济领域转向非经济领域的趋势,老年志愿服务以非正式形式为主,家庭照顾需求和压力增大是抑制老年人就业的原因之一。当前存在的观念误区和政策法规及公共服务的短缺是我国老年人力资源开发的主要制约因素。研究中提出完善退休制度、完善老年劳动立法、完善家庭支持政策、健全老年志愿服务政策法规、健全老年人力资源公共服务、发挥老年教育体系作用、建设年龄友好的参与环境等政策层面的建议,希望能为我国老年人力资源开发提供可参考的方向和策略。

China’s aging population is currently developing rapidly.It is of great significance to develop elderly human resources in the context of aging society.Main findings after analyzing elderly’s actual participation in the fields of continuous employment,voluntary service and family care in recent years are:social participation of the elderly has drifted from economic field to non-economic field,elderly voluntary service is mainly conducted in informal form,and increasing demand and pressure of family care is one of the reasons inhibiting employment of the elderly.At the same time,existing misconceptions on elderly human resources,shortage of policies,regulations and public services are main constraints on the development of elderly human resources.Several suggestions are put forward for reference and strategic development:improving retirement policies,labor legislation and family support policies for the elderly,completing voluntary service policies,regulations and public service for the elderly human resources,giving full play to the role of the third-age education,and building an age-friendly participation environment in China.