母亲抑郁情绪对3月龄婴儿发育影响的关联性分析

Correlation between maternal depression and 3-month-old infants development status

目的研究3月龄婴儿母亲产后抑郁情绪与婴儿发育水平之间的关联,为控制母亲抑郁情绪发生率的上升,改善家庭养育照护环境,提高婴儿发育水平、促进儿童全面早期发展具有重要意义。方法采用横断面的研究方法,于2019年1—12月在重庆市妇幼保健院、柳州市妇幼保健院、马鞍山市妇幼保健院和青岛市妇幼保健院招募415例3月龄母婴对,使用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表评估母亲的抑郁情绪,使用年龄发育与发育进程问卷中文版的3月龄问卷评估小婴儿的发育。结果3月龄婴儿母亲产后出现抑郁情绪的人数占27.0%(112/415),母亲有抑郁情绪组的婴儿在沟通(CM)、粗大动作(GM)、精细动作(FM)、解决问题(CG)、个人社会(PS)5个能区发育异常检出率(分别为31.3%、25.9%、28.6%、31.3%、33.0%)均显著高于母亲无抑郁情绪组(分别为18.8%、10.6%、23.4%、20.8%、25.1%),χ2检验显示沟通、粗大动作、解决问题3个能区发育异常检出率在两组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.332、15.331、4.958,P<0.05)。控制重要混杂因素后,发现3月龄婴儿母亲的抑郁情绪是婴儿粗大动作发育异常的独立危险因素[aOR=2.293,95%CI:1.240~4.243,P<0.05]。结论3月龄婴儿母亲抑郁情绪会增加婴儿大动作能区发育异常的可能性,应在母亲产后采取积极干预措施降低母亲抑郁情绪的发生,促进婴儿神经心理行为的早期健康发育。

Objective To investigate the association between postpartum depression in mothers of 3-month-old infants and infant developmental levels,in order to provide evidence for improve family nurturing environment and promote early childhood development.Methods Totally 415mothers and infants were recruited in this cross-sectional study from four maternal and child health care institutions,including Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Liuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Maanshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Qingdao Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January to December 2019.Maternal depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale,and the infant′s development was assessed using the Chinese version of the Age Development and Developmental Progress Questionnaire Questionnaire for 3-month-old infants.Results A total of 112mothers were detected with postpartum depression(27.0%).For infants whose mothers were detected with postpartum depression,the detection rates of abnormal development in communication(CM),gross motor(GM),fine motor(FM),problem solving(CG),personal social(PS)(31.3%,25.9%,28.6%,31.3%,33.0%)were higher than those whose mothers had no postpartum depression(18.8%,10.6%,23.4%,20.8%,25.1%),and differences were significant in CM,GM and CG domains(χ2=7.332,15.331,4.958,P<0.05).After controlling for important confounding factors,maternal depression was found to be an independent risk factor for the infant′s gross motor development(aOR=2.293,95%CI:1.240-4.243).Conclusions Depressed mood of mothers of 3-month-old infants will increase the possibility of abnormal development of gross motor in infants.Active intervention measures should be taken after delivery to reduce the occurrence of maternal depression and to promote the early healthy development of infant neuropsychological behavior.