南通市城区学龄前儿童忽视现状及其影响因素

Current situation and influencing factors of urban preschool children′s neglect in Nantong city

目的了解南通市城区学龄前儿童忽视现状,探究其影响因素,为本地区儿童忽视防治提供理论依据。方法2021年1月采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取南通市城区9所幼儿园,采用“中国城市3~6岁儿童忽视评价常模”量表对1141名儿童家长进行问卷调查。结果南通市城区学龄前忽视率为28.6%,忽视度为40.21±6.67。其中男生与女生的忽视率分别为28.0%和29.2%,忽视度分别为40.29±6.54和40.13±6.80,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同年龄组别儿童忽视率和忽视度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。非独生子女忽视率和忽视度均高于独生子女(χ2=6.209,t=3.947,P<0.05)。家庭月收入越高的儿童忽视率和忽视度均越低(χ2=28.487,F=25.453),Green评分为中等水平的儿童忽视率和忽视度均最低(χ2=11.595,F=17.215),主要照顾人为父母的儿童忽视率和忽视度均低于祖父母/外祖父母(χ2=19.269,F=5.402),差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:非独生子女受忽视的风险是独生子女的1.338倍;家庭月收入为<8000元、8000~12000元的儿童忽视风险分别是家庭月收入>12000元儿童2.183倍、2.016倍;祖父母或外祖父母作为主要照顾人的儿童忽视风险是父母作为主要照顾人的1.979倍(P<0.05)。结论南通市城区学龄前儿童忽视现象较为普遍,影响因素较多,需引起重视,亟待采取措施加以改善。

Objective To describe the current situation of urban preschool children′s neglect in Nantong city,and to explore its influencing factors,so as to provide theoretical bases for the prevention and treatment of child neglect in this region.Methods Using stratified random cluster sampling method,9kindergartens in the urban area of Nantong were selected in January 2021.Totally 1141children′s parents were investigated with Chinese Urban Children Aged 3—6Years Neglect Evaluation Norm Scale.Results The neglect rate of preschool children in Nantong city was 28.6%,and the neglect degree was 40.21±6.67.The neglect rates of boys and girls were 28.0%and 29.2%respectively,and the neglect degrees were 40.29±6.54and 40.13±6.80respectively,the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).There were no significant differences in neglect rate,neglect degree among different age groups(P>0.05).The neglect rate and neglect degree were higher in non-only child than those of only child(χ2=6.209,t=3.947),lower in higher family monthly income(χ2=28.487,F=25.453),lower in medium socioeconomic status group(χ2=11.595,F=17.215),lower in children whose main caregivers were parents than those of children whose main caregivers grandparents(χ2=19.269,F=5.402),the differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of neglect in non-only children were 1.338times higher than only children,the risk of neglect with family monthly income<8000RMB and 8000-12000RMB were 2.183times and 2.016times respectively higher than that of children with family monthly income>12000RMB(P<0.05).The risk of neglect in children whose main caregivers were grandparents or maternal grandparents were 1.979times higher than that in childrenwhose parents are the main caregivers(P<0.05).Conclusion The neglect of preschool children in Nantong city is common,and the influencing factors are complex,which needs to be paid more attention and be improved by effective measures.