太阳能单轴跟踪结构和控制系统研究

Research on solar uniaxial tracking structure and control system

光伏发电利用效率低以及成本过高一直是制约太阳能发展的关键因素。现在流行的光伏发电装置是固定式,此装置虽安装方便,但是不能充分利用太阳能进行发电。采用了单轴跟踪装置实现对太阳的实时跟踪,从跟踪装置角度提高发电效率。通过使用天球坐标系、地平坐标系、时角坐标系,得出高度角计算方法;设计合理的跟踪机构实现对日跟踪;设计上位机和下位机模块实现在高度角角度对日跟踪。以西安的某一天作为研究对象进行实时跟踪实验,结果表明该装置和控制系统可以实现对日实时跟踪。

Low utilization efficiency and high cost of photovoltaic power generation have always been the key factors restricting the development of solar energy.Now the popular photovoltaic power generation device is fixed,although this device is easy to install,but it cannot make full use of solar power generation.In this paper,the single-axis tracking device is used to realize the real-time tracking of the sun and improve the power generation efficiency from the perspective of the tracking device.Firstly,the calculation method of height angle is obtained by quoting celestial coordinate system,earth horizontal coordinate system and time angle coordinate system.Secondly,a reasonable tracking mechanism is designed to realize tracking to the sun.Finally,the upper computer and the lower machine module are designed to realize the tracking of the sun in the height angle.A real time tracking experiment was carried out on a day in Xi’an,and the results show that the device and control system can realize real time tracking to sun.