北京市房山区某初中学生中医饮食健康素养与超重和肥胖的相关性研究

Study on the Correlation between Overweight-obesity and a Middle School Students’ TCM Diet Health Literacy in Fangshan District of Beijing

目的:调查北京市房山区某初中中医饮食健康素养和超重/肥胖现况,为开展“食育项目”的中医营养教育和干预提供依据。方法:采取分层整群抽样方法抽取北京市房山区某初中初一至初三年级学生共190名,进行中医饮食健康素养调查,分析其超重和肥胖与中医营养知识(knowledge)-态度(attitude)-行为(practice)(以下简称K-A-P)、每周/每日运动频率和睡眠时间的相关性,并对超重和肥胖的相关因素进行Logistic多元回归分析。结果:房山区初中生超重和肥胖比例分别为44.7%和27.1%;超过95%的中医饮食健康素养的条目得分与(body mass index,BMI)之间存在相关性,相关系数在-0.499~-0.808间,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);Logistic回归分析结果表明,在校正中医营养KAP和每周/每日运动频率、睡眠时间等条目后,中医知识中“四性”(OR=0.032)、“五味”(OR=0.080),态度中“使用中医营养知识指导膳食的态度”(OR=0.074),行为中“感冒的中医食养选择”(OR=0.036)仍是儿童青少年超重/肥胖的危险因素。结论:该中学初中生中医饮食健康素养有待改善,中医营养K-A-P、睡眠时间和每日/每周运动频次均与青少年超重/肥胖的风险存在统计学关联,应加强家校合作,开展中医营养的宣教,特别是应普及控制体质量的饮食健康素养相关知识。

Objective:To provide the reference for launching TCM nutritional education and intervention of"diet education project"by investigating the status of overweight-obesity and the students'TCM diet health literacy in a middle school in Fangshan district of Beijing.Methods:Stratified cluster sampling method was used to choose 190 students from grade one to grade three in a middle school in Fangshan district of Beijing,who were surveyed of TCM diet health literacy,to analyze the connections between overweight,obesity and TCM nutrition KAP,weekly/daily exercise frequency and sleep time,and perform Logistic multiple regression of the relevant factors of overweight and obesity.Results:The proportions of middle school students'overweight and obesity in Fangshan district were 44.7%and 27.1%respectively;more than 95%of TCM diet health literacy items scores showed its correlation with BMI,correlation coefficient ranged between-0.499 and-0.808,and the difference had statistical meaning(P<0.01);the results of Logistic regression analysis indicated that"four natures"(OR=0.032),"five flavors"(OR=0.080),"the attitude of using TCM nutrition knowledge to guide diet"(OR=0.074)among the attitudes and"TCM food and nutrition options for cold"(OR=0.036)among the behaviors were the risk factors for overweight/obesity in children and adolescents after correcting the items including TCM nutrition KAP,weekly/daily exercise frequency and sleep time.Conclusion:The students'TCM diet health literacy in the middle school needs to be improved,statistical association exists between TCM nutrition KAP,sleep time,weekly/daily exercise frequency and the risk of overweight/obesity in adolescents,we should enhance family-school cooperation,develop propaganda and education of TCM nutrition,particularly the popularization of the knowledge about diet and health literacy controlling body mass.