短道速滑大学生运动员体成分与有氧、无氧能力特征研究

Study on Body Composition and Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity of Short Track Speed Skating Students

短道速滑大学生运动员的专项运动水平不仅与有氧、无氧能力水平有关,同时也会受到体成分的影响。以男子短道速滑大学生运动员为研究对象,采用递增负荷实验测定有氧能力,最大极限负荷运动30 s Wingate实验测定无氧能力,高精度、多频率生物阻抗分析技术测试体成分。结果显示:不同等级短道速滑大学生运动员体脂率、瘦体重、肌肉量存在显著差异,体重、BMI差异不显著;递增负荷实验和30 s Wingate实验显示不同等级短道速滑大学生运动员有氧、无氧能力存在显著差异;Pearson相关分析显示最大摄氧量和无氧功最大功率、平均功率与瘦体重、肌肉量、体重、BMI相关关系显著。对不同竞技水平短道速滑大学生运动员体成分、有氧、无氧能力特征、规律及相关性进行分析,为短道速滑大学生运动员身体机能评定、科学运动训练、科学选材提供理论与实践依据。

The special sports level of short track speed skating college athletes is not only related to aerobic and anaerobic ability, but also affected by the body composition. With male short track speed skating college athletes as the research object, increasing load experiment was used to determine aerobic capacity, Wingate experiment of maximum limit load exercise for 30 seconds was used to determine anaerobic capacity, and high precision multi~frequency biological impedance analysis technology to test body composition.The results showed that body fat rate, lean body weight, muscle weight, body weight and BMI;increasing load experiment and 30 second Wingate experiment showed significant differences in aerobic and anaerobic capacity of students;Pearson correlation analysis showed that maximum oxygen intake and anaerobic power and average power related lean body mass, muscle weight, body weight and BMI.The body composition, aerobic and anaerobic ability characteristics, regularity and correlation of short track speed skating college students of different competitive levels are analyzed to provide theoretical and practical basis for the physical function evaluation, scientific sports training and scientific material selection of short track speed skating college students.