哈茨木霉菌不同施用方式对番茄促生和防病的效果

Effects of Different Application Methods of Trichoderma harzianum on Growth and Disease Control of Tomato

[目的]明确哈茨木霉菌的施用方式,为其在农业生产中的应用提供依据。[方法]以番茄为载体,以山东长泰和美国拜沃生产的哈茨木霉菌为试验材料,采用基质处理、苗床喷淋、穴施3种方式开展试验。[结果]哈茨木霉菌采用基质处理、苗床喷淋、穴施后对番茄叶片的黄化率、结果数量和溃疡病、灰霉病、病毒病等病害的病情指数影响不同,但山东长泰生产的哈茨木霉菌与美国拜沃生产的哈茨木霉菌在对番茄各调查指标的影响上差异不大。在对番茄叶片黄化率、坐果率、病毒病的影响上,基质处理、穴施效果优于苗床喷淋;在对番茄溃疡病的影响上,苗床喷淋效果优于穴施和基质处理;在对番茄灰霉病的影响上,3种处理方式均差异不显著。[结论]哈茨木霉菌可以起到促生、以菌抑菌的防病效果,要根据气候变化、作物长势、田间病害发生情况,做好生物菌剂与化学农药的协调配合。

[Objective]The aim was to clarify the application mode of Trichoderma harzianum and provide basis for its application in agricultural production.[Method]With tomato as the carrier,Trichoderma harzianum produced in Changtai of Shandong province and BioWorks of the United States as the experimental material,the experiment was carried out by three ways:substrate treatment,seedling bed spraying and hole application.[Result]After substrate treatment,seedling bed spraying and hole application,Trichoderma harzianum had different effects on the leaf yellowing rate,number of fruit and disease index of diseases such as canker,gray mold and virus disease of tomato,but there was no significant difference in the effects of Trichoderma harzianum produced in Changtai of Shandong province and Trichoderma harzianum produced in BioWorks of the United States on the investigation indexes of tomato.In terms of the effects on tomato leaf yellowing rate,fruit setting rate and virus disease,substrate treatment and hole application were better than seedling bed spraying.The effect of spray on tomato canker was better than that of hole application and substrate treatment.There was no significant difference among the three treatments on tomato gray mold.[Conclusion]Trichoderma harzianum can play a role in promoting growth and inhibiting bacteria.According to climate change,crop growth and field diseases,it is necessary to coordinate biological agents and chemical pesticides.