施用有机硒肥对油茶果实经济性状及硒含量的影响

Effect of Organic Selenium Fertilizer on Economic Fruit Characterics of Camellia oleifera

[目的]了解施用硒肥对油茶果实经济性状作用的效果。[方法]以11年生广西岑溪软枝油茶3号为供试材料,通过正交试验设计:L9(34),选取油茶不同生长阶段,通过根部施肥、叶面喷肥和“根部+叶面”组合3种方式,分别施用3种不同浓度的有机硒肥,采摘后测定油茶果的经济性状,检测茶油中硒元素的含量。[结果]施用硒肥的时间对茶果单果重、体积以及果形指数均具有极显著影响,施肥浓度和施肥方式对果实形状指数均具有显著影响,其他因素对指标的影响不明显;7月份“根部+叶面”组合喷施100 mg/L硒肥对单果重、果仁产油率和茶油中硒积累的效果最好;6月份和7月份根部施肥浓度分别为100 mg/L和200 mg/L处理的油茶果仁含油量最高。施硒肥时间对油茶果实经济性状作用的效果最明显,硒肥浓度的影响次之,影响最小的是喷施方法。[结论]获得油茶富硒栽培施肥配方,为培育富硒油茶提供科学依据。

[Objective]The aim was to investigate the effect of selenium fertilizer on economic characters of Camellia oleifera fruit.[Method]Taking 11-year-old Guangxi Cenxi soft branches Camellia oleifera No.3 as the test material,through the L9(34)orthogonal test,in the growth stages,respectively applying three different concentrations of organic selenium fertilizer through three method of root fertilization,foliar fertilizer spraying and root and leaf,the economic characters of fruit and seed and selenium content were determined and analyzed after harvesting.[Result]The result showed that the time of applying selenium fertilizer has a very significant effect on single fruit weight,volume and fruit shape index of Camellia oleifera fruit,fertilization concentration and fertilization method had significant effect on fruit shape index,but each test factor had no significant effect on other indicators.When 7-month-old root and leaf was sprayed with 100 mg/L selenium fertilizer,the effect on single fruit weight,kernel yield and selenium accumulation in Camellia oleifera were the best.The oil content of Camellia oleifera seeds was the highest when 6-month-old root were fertilized with 100 mg/L and 7-month-old root was sprayed with 200 mg/L.The time of applying selenium fertilizer had the greatest effect on the relevant indicators of fruit economic characters,followed by the concentration of selenium fertilizer,and the effect of spraying method was the least.[Conclusion]The formula of selenium-rich cultivation and fertilization of Camellia oleifera was obtained to provide scientific basis for cultivating selenium-rich Camellia oleifera.