减畜对草地植被生长和土壤特性的影响研究进展

Research Progress on the Effects of Livestock Reduction on Grassland Vegetation Growth and Soil Characteristics

减畜是草地恢复的重要措施,对维持草地生产力和生态系统发展平衡具有不容忽视的重要意义。减畜可通过不同程度降低牲畜对植被和土壤的干扰从而直接或间接影响草地植被生产力和土壤肥力,但关于减畜对草地植被生长和土壤特性的作用机制及差异性尚不清楚。本文通过分析放牧牲畜与草地植被和土壤的作用关系,系统论述了减畜对草地植被群落结构、土壤理化和微生物特性等的影响,指出减畜使得牲畜放牧过程的采食、践踏和排泄行为干扰减少,并通过不同程度调控植物生长特性、土壤理化性质及微生物活性等改变土壤养分有效性、植被群落特征、生物量及其分配格局,进而影响草地生态系统生产力及其服务功能发挥。研究结论有助于加深关于减畜对草地植被-土壤体系影响效应的理论认知,进而为促进草地生态系统高质量和可持续发展等提供有益参考。

Livestock reduction is an important measure of grassland restoration,which is of great significance to maintain the balance of grassland productivity and ecosystem development.Livestock reduction can directly or indirectly affect grassland vegetation productivity and soil fertility by reducing the interference of livestock to vegetation and soil in varying degrees,but the mechanism and difference of livestock reduction on grassland vegetation growth and soil characteristics are not clear.This study systematically discussed the impact of livestock reduction on grassland vegetation community structure,soil physicochemical and microbial characteristics by analyzing the relationship between grazing livestock and grassland vegetation and soil.The results showed that the interference of feeding,trampling and excretion behavior accompanied by livestock grazing process simultaneously decreased following the reduction of livestock amount,and the changes in vegetation growth properties,soil physicochemical and biological properties would alter soil nutrient dynamics and its availability,vegetation community characteristics,vegetation biomass,and its allocation pattern,and thereby affect the productivity of grassland ecosystems and their service functions.The conclusions of the study can help to deepen the theoretical understanding of the influential effect of livestock reduction on grassland vegetation-soil system,and then provide useful references for promoting the high quality and sustainable development of grassland ecosystems.