跨大西洋视野下的双层博弈——迪安·艾奇逊与美欧联盟之构建

Two-Level Games of the Transatlantic Perspective——Dean Acheson and the Creation of the Europe-America Alliance

“北大西洋公约组织”的建立是20世纪大西洋主义的主要内容,时任美国国务卿迪安·艾奇逊在其中发挥了举足轻重的作用。大西洋联盟的形成,历经以艾奇逊为代表的美国国务院与欧洲外交首脑以及国内不同利益集团的政治角力。国际关系学“双层博弈”这一分析路径,能够恰如其分地展现美国国务卿这一政治角色在缔造美欧联盟的进程中,在国际领域和国家层面所经历的双重政治互动。概言之,囿于两极对峙格局,美国和欧洲都不得不推动彼此政策导向和外交理念的革命性转变,艾奇逊为缔结《北大西洋公约》所经历的多重斗争与妥协,最终使得大西洋主义主导了战后美欧关系的走向。

The creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was the main content of Atlanticism in the 20 th century. As the Secretary of State, Dean Acheson played a key role within NATO affairs. As to the founding of the Atlantic Alliance, Acheson and the State Department had to entangle with European diplomatic leaders and various internal interest groups. The “Two-Level Games” analytical framework from the international relations field can adequately demonstrate the role of Secretary of State in the interaction at the international and domestic levels for the creation of the American-European military alliance. To sum up, hindered by the rigidifying bipolar structure, both America and Europe had to promote the revolutionary transformation of policy direction and diplomatic ideas, respectively. Those multiple struggles and compromises Acheson endured in the process of signing the North Atlantic Treaty finally made Atlanticism become the main trend of postwar European-American relations.