“以佛解庄”的源流、影响及可行性考辨

The Origin,Influence and Feasibility of Interpreting Zhuangzi with Buddhism

“以佛解庄”是庄子学史上最具影响力的阐释方式之一。在佛教中国化的过程中,佛教徒借鉴《庄子》哲学以翻译佛经、阐发佛理。在庄佛互渗的思潮中,“以佛解庄”具有天然的理论基础和实践的可行性。自东晋支遁肇其端,唐代成玄英绍其续,后世很多学者征引佛经、佛理以解读《庄子》,“以佛解庄”者代不乏人,如林希逸、陆西星、释德清、袁宏道、袁中道、刘凤苞、杨文会、章太炎等。他们通过庄佛思想的对比互证,从以佛经义理附会《庄子》到融合庄佛以敷陈篇章大意,再到引入佛教思想以寻求《庄子》审美境界的突破。总体来说,“以佛解庄”抬高了佛教的学术地位,有助于儒、道、释三者的交流与对话,在异质文化中国化的过程中,“以佛解庄”加速了佛教中国化的思想历程。

As one of the most influential ways in the history of Zhuangzi studies,in the process of Sinicization of Buddhism,interpreting Zhuangzi with Buddhism has theoretical basis and practical feasibility.From Zhidun of Jin Dynasty(266-420)and Cheng Xuanying of Tang Dynasty(618-907),many scholars interpret Zhuangzi based on Buddhist classics such as LIN Xiyi,LU Xixing,SHI Deqing,YUAN Hongdao,YUAN Zhongdao,LIU Fengbao,YANG Wenhui,ZHANG Taiyan,etc.They attached Zhuangzi with Buddhist scriptures through the comparison between Zhuangzi's and Buddhist's thoughts to introduce Buddhist ideas to achieve a breakthrough in the aesthetic realm.Interpreting Zhuangzi with Buddhism has raised the academic status of Buddhism,which is helpful for the communication among Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism.In the process of the localization of heterogeneous culture,it has very important academic value.