不同水稻基因型优良食味品质的氮素调控与评价

Nitrogen regulation and evaluation of excellent taste quality of different rice genotypes

【目的】明确稻米食味品质与氮素营养吸收利用的关系,筛选优良食味氮高效水稻基因型。【方法】以近几年沿黄地区培育的优良粳稻品种(品系)为试验材料,通过设置不同氮肥水平,研究其对不同水稻基因型稻米品质和氮素吸收利用的影响。【结果】不同水稻基因型稻米食味值在不同氮肥处理下存在较大差异,基本表现为随着施氮量的增加而降低,不施氮肥处理食味值较高平均达83.9;蛋白质和直链淀粉含量则表现为随施氮量的增加而增加;线性分析表明,食味值与施氮量呈显著的开口向下抛物线关系(r=0.998^(**))。稻米精米率和整精米率随施氮量的增加而增加,垩白粒率和垩白度随施氮量增加而降低。氮肥利用率、氮素籽粒生产效率和氮素收获指数,基因型间存在较大差异。以新稻89、新科稻31为代表的优良氮高效水稻基因型普遍表现为外观品质好,氮素籽粒生产效率相对较高,最高达56.44 kg/kg。相关分析表明,氮素籽粒生产效率与食味值呈极显著正相关,与蛋白质含量呈极显著负相关;氮肥利用效率与食味值呈极显著负相关,与垩白粒率、垩白度呈负相关,与精米率、整精米率呈正相关。说明在不施氮肥或少施氮肥水平下,稻米食味品质提高,外观品质下降。【结论】氮素籽粒生产效率可作为优质氮高效食味米育种重要的评价指标,提高氮肥利用效率可能更有利于改善稻米的加工、外观品质及水稻产量水平;优质氮高效(高氮素籽粒生产效率)和高产氮高效(高氮肥利用效率)分别可作为水稻优良食味米育种和高产育种的重要评价标准。

【Objective】The present paper aimed to clarify the relationship between rice flavor quality and nitrogen nutrient absorption and utilization, the genotypes of high nitrogen efficient and good taste value rice were selected.【Method】The excellent japonica rice varieties(strains) cultivated along the yellow area were used as the test materials, and the influence of nitrogen on different rice genotype rice quality and nitrogen absorption and utilization was studied by setting different nitrogen fertilizer levels. 【Result】The taste value of different genotypes rice showed high difference, which decreased with nitrogen application increasing. The taste value of no nitrogen fertilizer was the highest and up to 83.9. Protein and straight starches increased with nitrogen application increasing. The linear analysis showed a significant open downward parabolic relationship and was performed with the nitrogen application quantity and the taste value(r=0.998^(**)). The milled rice rate and the whole head rice rate increased with the nitrogen amount increasing, and the chalky grain rate and the chalkiness decreased with the nitrogen amount increasing. The nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen grain production efficiency and nitrogen harvest index differed greatly between genotypes. The excellent and high-efficient nitrogen rice genotypes represented by by xindao 89 and xinkedao 31 were generally manifested with good appearance quality and relative high nitrogen grain production efficiency, up to 56.44 kg/kg. The related analysis showed that the nitrogen grain production efficiency was significantly positively with the rice taste value and significantly negatively with the protein content. The nitrogen use efficiency was significantly negatively with the taste value, negatively with the chalky grain rice rate and chalkiness, and positively with the milled rice rate and the whole head rice rate. It showed that the taste quality of rice improved and the appearance quality decreased under the level of no or less nitrogen fertilizer.【Conclusion】The nitrogen grain production efficiency can be used as an important evaluation index of excellent quality and high nitrogen efficient rice breeding. Improving the nitrogen use efficiency may be more conducive to improving rice processing, appearance quality and rice yield level. Good quality with high nitrogen efficiency(high nitrogen grain production efficiency) and high yield with high nitrogen efficiency(high nitrogen use efficiency) can be used as important evaluation standards for excellent food taste rice breeding and high yield rice breeding, respectively.