制度可实施性:政务服务“好差评”的元评估框架——基于19个城市的政策文本分析

Institutional Enforceability:A Meta Evaluation Framework of“Good and Bad Evaluation”of Government Services——An Analysis of Policy Texts Based on 19 Cities in China

对政务服务“好差评”制度进行再评估,有助于深入推进其贯彻实施。作为一种元评估工具,制度可实施性能够有效检验和审视政务服务“好差评”制度的实施效果。以制度结构健全、制度评权均衡、制度创新有效、制度内容灵活、制度工具合理、制度保障完善等6个一级指标为标准,构建政务服务“好差评”制度的元评估框架。基于该框架,利用文本计量和内容分析法对19个城市的政务服务“好差评”的政策文本进行质性分析。研究结果表明:政务服务“好差评”制度实施效果总体较为显著,“好差评”的制度结构与工具较为健全、合理,但仍存在诸如评价权益欠均衡、地方创新实践不足、制度内容僵化、回应机制乏力、第三方评估欠缺等问题。据此,从改进和提升政务服务“好差评”制度实施效果的视角,提出以下对策建议:统一政务服务“好差评”制度的标准及具体细节、均衡和保障评价主客体的权利与义务、增强制度实施的地方自主性及公众参与性、保障制度实施的灵活性及容错空间、建立与完善政务服务的责任体系及回应机制、健全评估奖惩考核体系及第三方评估机制。

Reevaluating the“good and bad evaluation”system of government services will help to further promote its effective implementation.As a theoretical analysis tool,the institutional enforceability can effectively test and evaluate the implementation effect of the“good and bad evaluation”system of government services.Taking six first level indicators as the standard framework,such as sound institutional structure,balanced institutional evaluation rights,effective institutional innovation,flexible institutional content,reasonable institutional tools and perfect institutional guarantee,this paper constructs a meta evaluation framework of“good and bad evaluation”of government services.Based on this framework,this paper makes a qualitative analysis of the policy texts of“good and bad evaluation”of government services in 19 cities by using the methods of text measurement and content analysis.The results show that the implementation effect of the“good and bad evaluation”system of China’s government services is generally significant,and the institutional structure and tools of“good and bad evaluation”are relatively sound and reasonable,but there are still some problems,such as the imbalance of evaluation rights and interests,the lack of local innovation practice,the rigidity of institutional content,the lack of response mechanism,the lack of independent evaluation of the third party and so on.Therefore,from the perspective of improving and enhancing the implementation effect of the“good and bad evaluation”system of government services,this study puts forward the following policy suggestions:unify the standards and specific details of the“good and bad evaluation”of government services,balance and protect the rights and obligations of the subject and object of government services evaluation,enhance the local autonomy and public participation of the implementation of the“good and bad evaluation”system,guarantee the flexibility and fault-tolerant space of the implementation of the“good and bad evaluation”system,establish and improve the responsibility system and response mechanism of government services,and improve the reward and punishment assessment system of government services evaluation and the third-party independent evaluation mechanism.