荆州市2020年41所中小学教室环境卫生监测结果分析

Analysis of environmental sanitation monitoring results of 41 primary and secondary school classrooms in Jingzhou City in 2020

目的了解荆州市中小学教室环境卫生状况,为改善中小学教室环境,保障学生的身体健康提供依据。方法采用随机抽样的方法,2020年抽取荆州市41所中小学校,242间教室,依据相关国家卫生标准进行卫生监测和评价。结果荆州市41所中小学校教室人均面积合格率42.15%、黑板面平均照度合格率58.68%、采光系数合格率64.05%、课桌面平均照度合格率80.58%,灯桌间距合格率98.76%、黑板面照度均匀度合格率95.87%、课桌面照度均匀度合格率95.45%、黑板反射比合格率90.91%。农村小学教室人均面积合格率(54.55%)、采光系数合格率(89.39%)与城市小学(分别为36.84%和64.21%)比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.951、P=0.026;χ^(2)=13.012,P<0.001);农村小学教室黑板面平均照度合格率(62.12%)较城市小学教室合格率低(81.05%)(χ^(2)=7.130,P=0.008),课桌面照度均匀度合格率(92.42%)较城市小学教室合格率低(100.00%)(P=0.011);农村中学教室采光系数合格率(64.29%)、黑板面平均照度合格率(46.43%)均较城市中学教室合格率高(分别为32.08%和20.75%)(χ^(2)=7.746、P=0.005;χ^(2)=5.792,P=0.016),而农村中学教室人均面积合格率(21.43%)较城市中学教室合格率低(47.17%)(χ^(2)=5.139,P=0.023)。结论荆州市主城区中小学教室环境卫生现况在城乡间、不同学段间不均衡,教室人均面积、采光系数、黑板面平均照度等教室环境卫生指标合格率较低。

Objective To understand the environmental sanitation conditions of primary and secondary school classrooms in Jingzhou City,so as to provide basis for improving the environment of primary and secondary school classrooms and ensuring the physical health of students.Methods In 2020,242 classrooms in 41 primary and secondary schools in Jingzhou City were selected by random sampling method,and health monitoring and evaluation were carried out according to relevant national health standards.Results In 41 primary and secondary schools in Jingzhou City,the qualified rate of per capita area of classroom was 42.15%,the qualified rate of average illumination of blackboard surface was 58.68%,the qualified rate of daylighting coefficient was 64.05%,the qualified rate of illumination of desk surface was 80.58%,the qualified rate of lamp desk spacing was 98.76%,the qualified rate of blackboard surface illumination uniformity was 95.87%,the qualified rate of desk surface illumination uniformity was 95.45%,and the qualified rate of blackboard reflection ratio was 90.91%.The qualified rates of per capita area of classroom(54.55%)and daylighting coefficient(89.39%)in rural primary school classrooms were significantly different from those in urban primary school classrooms(36.84%and 64.21%,respectively),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=4.951,P=0.026;χ^(2)=13.012,P<0.001).The qualified rate of average illumination of blackboard surface in rural primary school classrooms(62.12%)was lower than that of urban primary school classrooms(81.05%)(χ^(2)=7.130,P=0.008).The qualified rate of desk surface illumination uniformity in rural primary school classrooms(92.42%)was lower than that of urban primary school classrooms(100.00%)(P=0.011).The qualified rates of daylighting coefficient(64.29%)and average illumination of blackboard surface(46.43%)in rural middle school classrooms were higher than those in urban middle school classrooms(32.08%and 20.75%,respectively)(χ^(2)=7.746,P=0.005;χ^(2)=5.792,P=0.016).While the qualified rate of classroom per capita area in rural middle school classrooms(21.43%)was lower than that in urban middle school classrooms(47.17%)(χ^(2)=5.139,P=0.023).Conclusion The current situation of classroom environmental sanitation in primary and secondary schools in the main urban area of Jingzhou City is uneven between urban and rural areas and between different school sections.The qualified rates of classroom environmental sanitation indicators such as per capita area of classroom,daylighting coefficient and average illumination of blackboard surface are relatively low.