婚姻质量对父母协同养育的影响:基于共同命运模型的跨层中介分析

The effects of marital quality on coparenting:A cross-level mediation analysis based on the common fate model

共同命运模型(common fate model,CFM)是在家庭或二元层面研究中值得信赖的模型,其更好地解释了亲密关系内在的相互依赖性。本研究基于共同命运模型探讨了家庭整体婚姻质量对父母协同养育程度的影响,以及教养能力感在两者间的跨层中介作用。采用问卷法分层整群抽取上海市幼儿园中孩子(平均年龄5.14岁,年龄范围4~7岁)的父亲与母亲参与调研,分两个时间段(T1,T2;间隔1年)收集数据,最终得到650个家庭的父亲、母亲的婚姻满意度问卷(T1),教养能力感问卷(T2)和协同养育感知问卷(T2)数据进行分析。结果发现:(1)基于共同命运模型,家庭层面的婚姻质量正向预测家庭层面的支持性协同养育,并负向预测家庭层面的破坏性协同养育;(2)家庭层面的婚姻质量正向预测父母各自的教养能力感;(3)父母各自的教养能力感正向预测家庭层面的支持性协同养育,并负向预测家庭层面的破坏性协同养育;(4)父母个人层面的教养能力感在家庭层面的婚姻质量与家庭层面的支持性协同养育和破坏性协同养育起中介作用。总之,本研究基于追踪数据运用共同命运模型,并结合家庭层面(婚姻质量和协同养育)和个人层面(教养能力感)探讨了教养能力感在婚姻质量与父母协同养育间的跨层中介效应,为营造良好的家庭环境提供一定的理论支持与指导意见,并进一步促进了共同命运模型发展。

Bronfenbrenner’s ecosystem theory suggests that the different experiences of family members jointly shape the ecological environment and atmosphere of the family,and there may be interdependences between two parents in a family.Previous literature aimed to solve research questions at the family or dyadic level,but their analyses were mainly conducted at the individual level.To solve this issue,we adopted the common fate model(CFM),which better explains the interdependence in intimate relationships at the family or dyadic level.The common fate variable is modeled as a potential variable with two indicators.Based on the common fate model,this study explored the effect of family marital quality on the coparenting and the cross-level mediating role of the parenting sense of competence between couples.Questionnaire data were collected from 650 families including both fathers and mothers whose children(ranging from 4 to 7 years old)are in Shanghai kindergartens by using stratified cluster sampling.The results indicated that:(1)marital quality positively predicted supportive coparenting and negatively predicted undermining coparenting within a family;(2)family marital quality positively predicted each parent’s parenting sense of competence;(3)each parent’s parenting sense of competence positively predicted supportive coparenting and negatively predicted undermining coparenting;(4)each parent’s parenting sense of competence mediated the relationship between family marital quality and supportive and undermining coparenting.Higher marital quality in the family helped to increase each parent’s parenting sense of competence,which in turn increased supportive coparenting and decreased undermining coparenting.This study explored the cross-level mediating effect of parenting sense of competence between marital quality and parental coparenting using the common fate model in a longitudinal study.It combined the family level(marital quality and coparenting)and the individual level(parenting sense of competence),providing theoretical support and guidance for creating a good family environment and further promoting the development of the common fate model.To the best of our knowledge,this study is the first application of the common fate model in the study of Chinese families.The findings may have practical implications on the wellbeing of Chinese families.