北美栎树娜塔栎在豫南地区的引种表现

Introduction Performance of Quercus nuttallii in Southern Henan Province

为探究北美栎树是否可以在豫南地区进行引种栽培,选取不同地(胸)径规格(规格1:胸径约4 cm;规格2:胸径约1 cm;规格3:地径约1 cm、高约60 cm)的北美栎树娜塔栎在河南省信阳市进行了2 a的引种栽培试验,调查其成活率、生长量和物候期。结果表明,娜塔栎苗木引种当年的成活率表现为规格2>规格1>规格3,其中,规格2的成活率最高,达到了100%。经过2 a的引种试验,娜塔栎苗木规格1、规格2、规格3的地(胸)径分别从4.91、0.89、0.84 cm生长到了7.28、4.27、3.46 cm,地(胸)径年均生长量分别为1.19、1.69、1.31 cm,长势良好。娜塔栎物候期表现完整,发芽期为3月20日—4月5日,春季展叶期为4月10日—4月25日,秋季叶变色期为10月25日—11月10日,冬季落叶期为12月10日—翌年1月25日。娜塔栎苗木在引种过程中不需要特殊的防护即可存活。综上,娜塔栎在豫南地区生长良好,物候期表现完整,尤其是规格2。

In order to explore whether north American oak can be introduced and cultivated in southern Henan Province,different ground diameter(diameter at breast height,DBH)sizes(size 1:DBH about 4 cm;size 2:DBH about 1 cm;size 3:ground diameter about 1 cm,height about 60 cm)of Quercus nuttallii were selected,and cultivated for two years in Xinyang City.The survival rate,increment and phenological period were studied.The results showed that the survival rate order of Quercus nuttallii seedlings was size 2>size 1>size 3,and size 2 had the highest survival rate,reaching 100%.After two years’introduction test,the ground diameters(DHB)of size 1,size 2 and size 3 of Quercus nuttallii grew from 4.91 cm,0.89 cm and 0.84 cm to 7.28 cm,4.27 cm and 3.46 cm,and the average annual increments of ground diameter were 1.19 cm,1.69 cm and 1.31 cm,respectively,growing well.The phenological period of Quercus nuttallii was complete,the germination stage was from March 20 to April 5,the spring leaf expansion stage was from April 10 to April 25,the autumn leaf discoloration stage was from October 25 to November 10,and the winter leaf defoliation stage was from December 10 to January 25 of the next year.Quercus nuttallii seedlings could survive without special protection during the introduction process.In conclusion,Quercus nuttallii grew well in southern Henan Province,and its phenological period was complete,especially size 2.