工程设计教育的模式创新及启示:德国魏玛包豪斯大学的跨学科联动

Model Innovation and Enlightenment of Engineering Design Education:Interdisciplinary Linkages at the Bauhaus University in Weimar,Germany

在当代工业化和信息化发展的背景下,为了在世界发展中继续保持核心竞争力,德国工程设计教育呈现出“跨学科联动创新”的模式特色:将设计作为粘合剂,整合来自两门或多门学科中的视角、理论和技术,以突破现在现实领域面临的新问题,并培养出具有思辨能力、实践能力的工程设计创新人才。德国魏玛包豪斯大学在世界一流大学的跨学科人才培养中具有典型性,通过开设跨学科专业、拓展跨学科课程、开办跨学科学位、推广跨学科科研项目、打造跨学科研究平台五个纬度进行跨学科教学,使其理论教学、实践操作和科研开发相互深度渗透并形成联动,开拓了工程设计人才培养新路径。这对我国完成“十四五”发展目标,实现中国制造2025计划,优化相适应的教育结构、深化人才培养模式改革创新具有一定参考价值。

In the context of contemporary industrialization and informatization,in order to maintain core competitiveness in the development of the world,German engineering design education presents the model characteristics of"interdisciplinary linkage innovation":that is,design is used as a glue to integrate two or more perspectives,theories and technologies in multiple disciplines,in order to break through the new problems faced in the real field,and cultivate innovative engineering design talents with thinking ability and practical ability.Bauhaus University in Weimar of Germany is typical in the cultivation of interdisciplinary talents in world-class universities by the way of providing five interdisciplinary majors,expanding interdisciplinary courses,offering interdisciplinary degrees,promoting interdisciplinary scientific research projects,and building interdisciplinary research platforms,so that theoretical teaching,practical operation and scientific research and development are deeply infiltrated and linked to each other,opening up a new path for engineering design talents.It has important reference value for China to complete the"14th Five-Year"development goals,realize the Made in China 2025 plan,optimize the appropriate education structure,and deepen the reform and innovation of the talent training model.