工作特征·目标定位·培养方略--关于“如何培养新型职教教师”问题的系统思考

Work Characteristics·Target Orientation·Training Strategy--Systematic Thinking on"How to Train New Vocational Teachers"

高徒靠名师,名师靠培养。精准分析职业院校教师的工作特征,是确定新型职教教师规格类型的前提。职教教师的工作特征表现为:工作对象的异变性、工作内容的生成性、工作方式的交互性、工作空间的延展性、工作时间的续断性。具备首要道德、核心知识和关键技能,是中国职业院校教师素养的标配,以此为依据,可以把新型职教教师定位为“优秀的研究型职教教师”。从职教教师培养历史的经验教训和职业院校的实际出发,基于我国国情,硕士层次的“12345+N”模式是现在和未来一段时间优秀研究型职教教师培养的主流模式:“1”是指一个个性化人才培养方案;“2”是指校内教学研究导师与职业院校教学导师两个导师;“3”是指专业硕士学位证书(学历证书)、中等职业学校教师资格证书(《师范生教师职业能力证书》)、相关专业职业技能等级证书(个别专业是职业准入类证书)三张证书;“4”是指公共类(师德类)课程模块、知识类课程模块、技能类课程模块、综合应用类课程模块等人才培养的四类模块课程;“5”是指学习—见习—研习—实习—毕业等五个阶段构成的人才培养过程;“N”是指遍布不同地区的N个教学实习基地(职业学校)。

Excellent apprentices rely on famous teachers,and famous teachers rely on training.Accurate analysis of the work characteristics of vocational college teachers is the premise to determine the specifications and types of new vocational teachers.The working characteristics of vocational teachers are as follows:the variation of the working object,the generation of working content,the interactivity of working mode,the extension of working space,and the continuity of working time.It is the standard quality of teachers in China's vocational colleges to have primary morality,core knowledge,and key skills.Based on this,new vocational teachers can be positioned as"excellent research-oriented vocational teachers".Based on the historical experience and lessons of vocational education teacher training and the actual situation of vocational colleges,it is believed that the mode of"12345+N"for master level is the mainstream mode of excellent research-oriented vocational education teacher training now and in the future."1"refers to a personalized talent training program;"2"refers to the teaching research tutor in the university and the teaching tutor in vocational college;"3"refers to three certificates:Professional Master's Degree certificate(diploma certificate),Teacher Qualification Certificate of Secondary Vocational School(Teacher Vocational Ability Certificate for Normal University Students),and Vocational Skill grade certificate of relevant majors(some majors are Vocational access certificates);"4"refers to the public(teacher ethics)course module,knowledge course module,and skill course module,and comprehensive application course module,called four types of talent training module courses;"5"refers to the process of talent cultivation consisting of five stages:learning-probation-study-practice-graduation;"N"refers to N teaching practice bases(vocational schools)in different regions.