儿童祛痰止咳治疗专家共识

Expert consensus on expectorant and relieving cough in children

咳嗽咳痰是儿童呼吸道疾病最常见的症状。急性咳嗽咳痰病因主要为呼吸道感染,慢性湿性咳嗽常见病因包括上气道咳嗽综合征、哮喘合并感染、迁延性细菌性支气管炎等。气道黏液高分泌和黏液纤毛清除系统功能障碍是儿童咳嗽痰液产生的主要机制。临床祛痰止咳药物包括黏液溶解剂、黏液动力促进剂、黏液调节剂、痰液清除剂,以及中药和中成药,各种不同类型药物可具有多种作用。儿童祛痰止咳治疗可根据咳嗽咳痰具体病因、严重程度、症状改善等情况而定。

Cough and expectoration are the most common symptoms of respiratory diseases in children.The main etiology of acute cough is respiratory tract infection.Common etiologies of chronic wet cough include upper airway cough syndrome,asthma with infection,and protracted bacterial bronchitis.Hypersecretion of mucus in the airway and dysfunction of mucociliary clearance system are the main mechanisms of cough sputum production in children.Clinical expectorant and cough suppressant drugs include mucolytics,mucokinetics,mucoregulators,expectorants,and traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese patent medicine.Different types of drugs can have multiple effects.The treatment for cough in children can be determined according to the specific etiology,severity and symptom improvement of cough.