不同氮源辅料对半透膜好氧堆肥处理玉米秸秆的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Source Excipients on Maize Straw Treated with Semi-Permeable Membrane Aerobic Composting Technology

好氧堆肥对于加快推进农业废弃物秸秆综合利用,稳定农业生态平衡、缓解资源约束、减轻环境压力具有十分重要的意义。以玉米秸秆为主要研究对象,采用半透膜好氧堆肥技术,选取牛粪、花生粕、苜蓿粉3种辅料分别与玉米秸秆混合发酵。实验结果表明,牛粪堆经30 d发酵总有机碳质量分数降至43.4%,秸秆分解程度低,安全性高且发酵完全腐熟;苜蓿粉堆50℃以上高温时间长达8 d以上,失水效果明显,含水率降至57.2%,发酵效果好;花生粕营养成分释放慢,NH4+-N含量高达5.11 g/kg,堆体不稳定。3种辅料都可作为混合发酵氮源,同时半透膜与曝气系统形成微压环境与辅料协同作用能够有效提高发酵性能。

Through aerobic composting,stabilizing the agricultural ecological balance,alleviating resource constraints,and reducing environmental pressure are of great significance for promoting the comprehensive utilization of grain straw from agricultural residues.Taking corn straw as the research object,this has been done by semi-permeable membrane aerobic composting technology,and three kinds of excipients,such as cow dung,peanut meal,and alfalfa powder,were mixed with corn straw for aerobic fermentation.This research provides valuable information regarding semi-permeable membrane aerobic composting technology using maize straw and the results show that cow manure pile decomposition of the straw was low with 43.4%ω(TOC),while the safety was the highest;alfalfa compost continued a long time(8 d)of high temperature(50℃),and moisture content of final fertilizer reduced to 57.2%;since the release of nutrients in peanut meal was slow and the final content of NH4+-N(5.11 g/kg)was high,it needs secondary fermentation or further aging because of unstable fertilizer.All three kinds of excipients can be used as mixed fermentation nitrogen sources,and the semi-permeable membrane as well as the aeration system form a micro-pressure environment,effectively,cooperating with excipients to improve the fermentation performance.