光伏耦合相变蓄热技术在低能耗建筑供暖系统中的应用

Application of Photovoltaic Coupled Phase Change Heat Storage Technology in Low Energy Consumption Building Heating System

为进一步节能减排,推广低能耗建筑是我国未来建筑的发展方向。但是严寒地区太阳能本身存在一定的间歇性和不稳定性等制约条件,所以需要结合储能(相变蓄热)技术来保障供暖系统稳定运行。以长春地区低能耗建筑为例,对太阳能光伏结合市电与相变蓄热技术耦合供热进行研究。结果表明:室外温度偏高(>-5℃)的天气,太阳能光伏发电量能持续满足室内温度在20~21℃范围内7 h;在室外温度偏低(<-5℃)的天气,太阳能光伏发电量较少,不足以支撑房间供暖所需,需同时打开光伏系统和市电加热系统,两系统同时并联运行;当室外温度偏高(>-5℃)时,相变房间系统能耗要比非相变房间能耗最高降低28.1%;在当室外温度偏低(<-5℃)时,相变房间系统能耗要比非相变房间能耗降低17.61%;在测试期(70 d)内运行成本,光伏耦合相变蓄热末端的供暖系统要比单一电供暖系统节省成本20%左右。

In order to further energy conservation and emission reduction,the promotion of low energy consumption buildings is the development direction of China's future buildings.However,in cold regions,solar energy itself has certain constraints such as intermittence and instability,so it is necessary to combine energy storage(phase change heat storage)technology to ensure the stable operation of heating system.In this paper,the low energy consumption buildings in Changchun area are taken as an example to study the coupling heating of solar photovoltaic combined with municipal electricity and phase change heat storage technology.Results show that when the outdoor temperature is high(>-5℃),the low solar photovoltaic power generation can continuously meet the indoor temperature within the range of 20~21℃for 7 hours.In the weather with low outdoor temperature(<-5℃),the solar photovoltaic power generation is too small to support the room heating.It is necessary to turn on the photovoltaic system and the mains heating system at the same time,and the two systems operate in parallel.When the outdoor temperature is higher(>-5℃),the energy consumption of the phase change room is 28.1%lower than that of the non-phase change room.When the outdoor temperature is lower(<-5℃),the energy consumption of the phase change room is 17.61%lower than that of the non-phase change room.During the test period(70 days),the photovoltaic coupled phase change heat storage terminal heating system saves about 20%of the cost compared with the single electric heating system.