3D打印混凝土人工鱼礁的生物附着效果

Organisms attachment on 3D printed concrete artificial reefs

为研究3D打印混凝土人工鱼礁的生物附着效果,将喷头口径分别为20 mm(3D-20组)和10 mm(3D-10组)的3D打印挂板试件与相同配合比的浇筑成型挂板试件(PC组)投放到大连市黑石礁海域潮间带进行生物附着对比试验,2020年9月1日完成海上挂板,于2020年11月1日(放入海中2个月)、2021年2月1日(放入海中3个月)和2021年7月1日(放入海中5个月)时分别取样,测定附着生物的种类和生物量,第1次和第2次取样后试件均放回原处。结果表明:取样鉴定出的附着生物种类数量共计17种,每一次取样短滨螺Littorina brevicula均为优势种;第3次取样的总生物量,3D-20、3D-10、PC组试件分别为561.58、215.72、203.24 g/m^(2),3次取样中,3D-20组总生物量均显著大于3D-10组和PC组(P<0.05),而3D-10组与PC组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,3D打印混凝土作为人工鱼礁材料具有实用性,其打印方式造成的礁体表面不平整对于生物附着具有优越性。

In order to study the organisms attachment of 3 D printed concrete artificial reef,the species and biomass of attached organisms were comparatively investigated on 3 D printed hanging plate specimens with nozzle diameters of 20 mm(3 D-20 group)and 10 mm(3 D-10 group)and cast-in-place hanging plate specimens with the same mix proportion(PC group)disposed in Heishijiao sea area of Dalian,Liaoning Province on November 1,2020(for 2 months),February 1,2021(for 3 months),and July 1,2021(for 5 months).After the 1 st and 2 nd sampling,the specimens were put back in place.The offshore hanging board were completed on September 1,2020.A total of 17 species of attached organisms were sampled and identified,with dominant species snail Littorina brevicula in each sampling.The total biomass was shown to be 561.58 g/m^(2)in 3 D-20 group,215.72 g/m^(2)in 3 D-10 group,and 203.24 g/m^(2)in PC group in the third sampling.For three samplings,there was significantly higher total biomass in 3 D-20 group than that in 3 D-10 group and PC group,significant difference between 3 D-20 group and 3 D-10 group and PC group(P<0.05),and no significant difference between 3 D-10 group and PC group(P>0.05).The finding indicates that 3 D printed concrete is practical as artificial reef material,and the roughness of reef surface caused by printing method is superior to biological attachment.