论智能合约法律属性及规范化建构

On the legal attributes and standardized construction of smart contracts

智能合约出现法律适用上的障碍,归咎于智能合约规制目的悖论。现有的技术逻辑自治思想有着使智能合约风险客观化、不可控化、权利滥用化的弊端。智能合约本体及衍生的虚拟空间应受到一定监管,监管的前提是明确智能合约的法律属性。智能合约类比合同的民法属性不可取,因为智能合约构建的匿名性信用社会抵牾合同诚实信用原则价值的涵摄;智能合约的类刑法因果关系属性亦不可取,因为过早嫁接到刑法体系将超越刑法最后救济手段的公法地位。智能合约的法律属性应是不带有价值偏向的中立行为。对智能合约的法律规制要按照穷尽私法,而后公法的阶梯式法律保护路径。

The obstacles to the application of law in smart contracts are attributed to the paradox of the purpose of smart contract regulation.The existing idea of technical logic autonomy has the drawbacks of making smart contract risks objective,uncontrollable and abuse of rights.The smart contract ontology and the derived virtual space should be subject to certain supervision.The premise of supervision is to clarify the legal attributes of the smart contract.The civil law attribute of smart contracts analogous to contracts is not desirable,because the anonymous credit society built by smart contracts contradicts the subsumption of the value of the contract’s principle of good faith;the causality attribute of smart contracts similar to criminal law is also undesirable,because prematurely grafting into the criminal law system will surpass the public law status of criminal law as the last relief approach.The legal attribute of smart contracts should be neutral behavior without value bias.The legal regulation of smart contracts should follow the step-by-step legal protection path of exhausting private law and then public law.