基于英语语料库的日常委婉语交际能力研究--以意为“洗手间”的各种表达法为例

The Analysis of Daily Euphemism Communicative Competence Based on English Corpus--Taking the Various Expressions that Mean Washroom as Examples

该文采用图表分析法及COCA语料库中CHART和KWIC功能进行研究,将社会语言学部分的委婉语和交际能力理论相结合进行分析。委婉语的运用可以作为交际能力中的一种,Hymes提出的交际能力具有4个参数。研究基于COCA语料库中KWIC功能结合例子来分析交际能力4个参数(语法性、适合性、得体性、现实性)的不同变化与委婉语的传递的关联性强弱。该文研究结果表明:(1)相较于长表达式,说话者使用短表达式的倾向更大,且对于委婉语的使用意识是逐渐增强的;(2)4个参数对于委婉语的传递有关联但并不具有很强的约束力,在一定意义上,语言使用能力是一种根据不同情景、不同的交际对象、不同的交际内容和目的,灵活运用语言的应变能力。该文旨在为英语学习者在使用委婉语或进行跨文化交际学习时提供一些启示。

In this paper,chart analysis method and the CHART and KWIC function in COCA corpus are used for research.Because euphemism can be regarded as one of communicative competence,the sociolinguistic part of euphemism and the theory of communicative competence are combined for analysis.According to the communicative competence proposed by Hymes,communicative competence has four parameters:grammaticality,fitness,appropriateness and realization.And the author analyzes the relevance of the four parameters with the transmission of euphemism.The result shows that:(1)Compared with long expressions,speakers are more likely to use short expressions,and their awareness of the use of euphemism is gradually increased.(2)The four parameters are related to the transmission of euphemism but do not have strong binding force.In a certain sense,language use ability is a kind of adaptability to flexibly use language according to different situations,different communication objects,and different communication contents and purposes.The purpose of this paper is to provide some enlightenment for English learners in using euphemism or in intercultural communication learning.