试析《骑兵军》之《家书》的“冲突—嵌套式”叙事结构与情感张力

An Analysis of the Conflict-Nested Narrative Structure and Emotional Tension in Family Letter of The Cavalry

伊萨克·巴别尔(Isaac Babel,1894—1940)是20世纪20—30年代苏联文坛上最耀眼的文学家之一,凭借短篇小说集《骑兵军》获得了经久不绝的赞誉。《家书》是《骑兵军》中情感最具张力的部分,通过零度叙述带来的沉默和中立立场将人伦悲剧放大,同时也利用伊瑟尔的“图示化观相”空白的方式将解读与塑造作者的权力交还读者,让读者自己发声。巴别尔为实现这一目标为《家书》构建了层层嵌套,先建构后解构并留白的叙事结构,使其实现了贮藏—释放巨大情感张力的目标,因而《家书》也是《骑兵军》中最具思想深度的篇章之一。

Isaac Babel(1894-1940) is one of the most dazzling literary writers in the Soviet Russian literary world in the 1920s-1930s. He has won constant praise for his collection of short stories, The Cavalry. Family Letter is the most emotional part in The Cavalry. Because of the silence and neutrality brought by its zero narration, it enlarges the human relations tragedy. At the same time, it also uses Iser’s blank way of "pictorial view" to return the power to interpret and shape the author to the readers and let the readers speak for themselves. In order to achieve this goal, Babel constructed a narrative structure of nesting layers, constructing first and then deconstructing and leaving blank, and made it achieve the goal of storing and releasing great emotional tension. Therefore, the chapter of Family Letter can be said to be one of the most thoughtful chapters in The Cavalry.