正字法邻近词抑制效应研究综述

A Review of Orthographic Inhibitory Neighbor Priming Research

词汇的识别与加工是心理语言学研究关注的主要问题之一。正字法加工是词汇识别的第一要素。该文通过梳理相关研究,以期发现拼音文字识别加工及表意文字识别加工过程中的异同点。结果表明:(1)无论是拼音文字还是表意文字,词汇识别加工过程中均会出现正字法邻近词抑制效应;(2)两种文字正字法邻近词识别与加工的相同点是抑制效应受邻近词的数量、启动词呈现时间的影响;不同的是表意文字识别与加工不受启动字和目标字相对字频的影响,但是形同音同的邻近字对目标字的抑制效应更加显著。

Word recognition and processing is one of the main problems in psycholinguistic research. Orthographic processing is the main element of word recognition. This paper tries to figure out the similarities and differences between alphabetic word recognition and ideographic character recognition. The results reveal that the inhibitory effect of orthographic neighbor words occurs in word recognition for both alphabetic and ideographic words. In addition, both alphabetic and ideographic word recognition and processing are influenced by the number of neighbor words and prime duration. The difference is that ideographic character recognition and processing is not affected by the frequency relationship between the prime and target, but the phonological neighbors have a stronger inhibitory effect on the target word.