文化负载词的翻译策略探究——以《红胡子诊疗谭》《正雪绘马》为例

The Translation Strategy of Culture-Bound Words——Taking Red Beard and Masayuki’s Ema as Examples

翻译过程中,源语言文化负载词所负载的文化,从目标语言文化来看可能是一种“未知”的概念,即存在文化障碍,因此难以找到直接对应的词汇来翻译文化负载词。蒙娜·贝克针对词汇层面不对等问题,归纳总结了几种翻译策略,即“使用更一般的词(上位词)进行翻译”“使用一个更加中性/表达涵义更少的词汇进行翻译”“文化替代”“使用外来词或外来词加上注释进行翻译”“使用非关联词汇进行意译”“省略”“通过插图进行翻译”。笔者将以《红胡子诊疗谭》《正雪绘马》为例,具体去分析这几种策略在翻译文化负载词时的应用。

During the translation, the culture from culture-bound words of the source language may be an "unknown" concept in the target culture, which means to have Cultural Obstruction. Therefore, it is difficult to find the direct corresponding vocabulary in the target language to translate these words. Mona Baker summarizes several translation strategies with regard to problems of non-equivalence at word level, namely translation by a more general word(superordinate), translation by a more neutral/less expressive word, translation by cultural substitution, translation using a loan word or loan word plus explanation, translation by paraphrase using unrelated words, translation by omission, and translation by illustration. The author will take Red Beard and Masayuki’s Ema as examples to analyze the application of these strategies in the translation of culture-bound words.