旅游仪式论视角下朝圣与旅游关系的再思考

Rethinking the Relationship Between Pilgrimage and Tourism from the Perspective of Tourism Ritual Theory

自20世纪中期人类学及其仪式理论被引鉴到旅游研究领域,形成旅游人类学分支后,我国主流旅游人类学相关研究呈现出一种共识:旅游也是一场通过仪式,具有一定的神圣性,因而要把旅游与宗教仪式或者朝圣区分开来是不可能或徒劳的。通过对朝圣与旅游二者目的、行为、性质及通过仪式效力方面的对比,可以得出旅游(包括以“宗教旅游”为名的旅游)本质上是不具备朝圣仪式的过渡性的,需要将其与朝圣实行“再分化”。

Since anthropology and its ritual theory were introduced into the field of tourism research in the middle of last century and formed a branch of tourism anthropology, the relevant research of mainstream tourism anthropology in China has shown a consensus: Tourism is also a passing ceremony and has a certain sanctity. Therefore, it is impossible or futile to distinguish tourism from religious rituals or pilgrimages. By comparing the purpose, behavior, nature and effectiveness of pilgrimage and tourism, it can be concluded that tourism(including tourism in the name of "religious tourism") does not have the transitional nature of pilgrimage ceremony in essence, and it needs to be "re-differentiated" from pilgrimage.