贵州省特色即食食品“丝娃娃”加工制作安全现状分析

Study on the safety status of processing a special instant food called Siwawa in Guizhou Province

目的了解贵州省特色即食餐饮食品“丝娃娃”加工制作食品安全现状,为预防食源性疾病和食物中毒的发生提供科学依据。方法2021-04-08在贵州省的4个市(州)随机抽取丝娃娃销售店铺52家开展加工制作场所的卫生学调查,每家店铺采集食材及加工环境样本8份以上,共采集到268份食材样本及269份加工环境样本,按照《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验》(GB 4789)和《食品安全国家标准消毒餐(饮)具》(GB 14934)进行食源性致病菌检验,采用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析,检出率差异用χ^(2)检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果贵州省部分店铺加工区卫生较差且分区不合理,消毒意识薄弱,人员管理和加工制作方面存在不同程度的卫生问题,259份“丝娃娃”食材样本中116份样品食源性致病菌阳性检出率为44.79%,296份环境样品中有124份样品食源性致病菌阳性,检出率为41.89%;配菜常温贮存12 h后大肠菌群呈指数型增长;分离的19株金黄色葡萄球菌有63.15%携带肠毒素基因,57.89%呈肠毒素蛋白阳性。结论贵州省市售“丝娃娃”特色食品具有一定的食用安全风险,监管部门应加强对“丝娃娃”即食餐饮食品加工制作的管理,有效预防食源性疾病群体事件的发生。

Objective To understand the food safety status of processing and production of Siwawa,a special instant food in Guizhou Province,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention of foodborne diseases and food poisoning.Methods From April to August 2021,a total of 52 shops sold Siwawa in 4 cities/prefectures of Guizhou Province were randomly selected to conduct a sanitary survey of processing and production sites.More than 8 samples of food materials and processing environment were collected from each shop.A total of 268 food material samples and 269 processing environment samples were collected.Foodborne pathogens were detected according to“National Standard for Food Safety,Microbiological Examination of Food”(GB 4789)and“National Standard for Food Safety,Tableware Sterilization”(GB 14934).SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Chi-square test was used to compare the detection rates.And the test level wasα=0.05.Results Some shops had poor hygiene and unreasonable zoning of processing areas,had weak awareness of disinfection,and existed different degrees of health problems in personnel management and processing.Among 259 food samples,116 samples were positive for foodborne pathogens,with a detection rate of 44.79%.While among 296 environmental samples,124 samples were positive for foodborne pathogens,with a detection rate of 41.89%.Coliform group of side dishes increased exponentially after stored at room temperature for 12 hours.Among 19 Staphylococcus aureus isolates,65.71%carried enterotoxin genes and 54.29%were positive for enterotoxin proteins.Conclusions There are certain food safety risks of Siwawa sold in Guizhou Province.The supervision department should strengthen the management of the processing and production of Siwawa,to prevent the occurrence of group events of foodborne diseases effectively.