“一点”重叠式的反向主观量化及语义语用差异

Reverse Subjective Quantification and Semantic and Pragmatic Differences Between the Overlapping Forms of“Yidian”

量词重叠通常是一种“正向增量”手段,但量词“点”却通过“负向增量”实现了反向主观量化。汉语史上“点”经历了从定量量词向不定量量词的分流演变,这为“一点”及重叠式带来了同一性问题,也为不定量“一点点”形成“语义加强式”发生反向主观量化提供了语义基础。“一点”重叠式在“静态→动态”句法环境中呈现出“一点点→一点点”的连续统效应。状语位的“一点点”赋量功能弱化,作为副词性重叠式不能视作“一点一点”的省略式,二者对应不同的认知模式和主观化路径。

Quantifier overlapping is a means of positive increment,but the quantifier“dian”realizes the reverse subjective quantification through negative increment.In the history of Chinese,“dian”has experienced the diversion and evolution from quantifiable words to non-quantifiable words,which not only brings the problem of identity to“yidian”and its overlapping forms,but also provides the semantic basis for“yidian”to form semantic reinforcement and reverse subjective quantification.From static to dynamic syntactic environment,“yidiandianr”presents a continuum effect of“yidian→yidian”.The function of“yidian”as an adverbial to calculate quantity is weakened and develops into adverb reduplication.“Yidiandian”can not be regarded as the ellipsis of“yidian yidian”,which corresponds to different cognitive patterns and subjective path.