徐州地区4家三级综合医院127例抗菌药物不良反应报告的临床特征分析

Analysis of Clinical Features of 127 Cases of Reported Adverse Reactions of Antibacterials in 4 Tertiary General Hospitals in Xuzhou Region

目的:分析徐州地区4家三级综合医院上报的由抗菌药物引发的药物不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADRs)的临床特征,为临床抗菌药物的安全合理使用提供参考。方法:收集徐州地区4家三级综合医院上报至国家药品不良反应监测中心的127例抗菌药物所致ADRs的相关资料,分析ADRs报告的患者年龄和性别分布,所用抗菌药物的种类、剂型和给药途径情况,以及累及器官、严重程度和转归情况。结果:127例ADRs报告中,在年龄上以60岁以上人群居多(43例,占33.86%),在性别方面女性患者的占比较高(75例,占59.06%);ADRs涉及的抗菌药物中,以头孢菌素类(51例,占40.16%)和氟喹诺酮类(37例,占29.13%)占比最高,其次为青霉素类、大环内酯类和氨基糖苷类,剂型上以注射剂的占比最高;在累及器官方面,127例ADRs主要累及的是皮肤及其附件(76例)和消化系统(36例);在严重程度方面,有117例为“一般的”,“严重的”仅9例,且有124例患者经处置结局为好转或痊愈。结论:抗菌药物在临床使用过程中存在一定的ADRs发生风险,临床应当关注和重视抗菌药物的ADRs发生动态,了解和掌握抗菌药物ADRs的发生特点,尽可能避免或降低ADRs的危害,以确保患者的用药安全。

Objective:To analyze the clinical features of adverse drug reactions(ADRs)caused by antibacterials reported by four tertiary general hospitals in Xuzhou Region,and provide reference for the safe and rational use of antibacterials in clinical practice.Methods:Relevant data of 127 cases of ADRs caused by antibacterials reported to the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center from 4 tertiary general hospitals in Xuzhou Region were collected,to analyze the age and gender distribution of patients reported with ADRs,the types,dosage forms and route of administration of antibacterials,as well as the organs involved,severity and outcomes.Results:Among the 127 cases of ADRs reported,most of them were above 60 years old(43 cases,33.86%)and female patients had a high proportion(75cases,59.06%);among the antibacterials involved in ADRs,the proportions of cephalosporins(51 cases,40.16%)and fluoroquinolones(37 cases,29.13%)were the highest,followed by penicillins,macrolides and aminoglycosides.In terms of the dosage forms,the proportion of the injection was the highest;in terms of organ involvement,127 cases of ADRs mainly involved the skin and its appendages(76 cases)and the digestive system(36 cases);in terms of severity,117 cases were"general",and 9 cases were"severe",and 124 cases of patients were treated as improvement or recovery.Conclusion:There is a certain risk of occurrence of ADRs in the clinical use of antibacterials.Clinicians should pay attention to and attach importance to the occurrence of ADRs of antibacterials,understand and master the occurrence characteristics of ADRs of antibacterials,and avoid or reduce the harm of ADRs as much as possible,so as to ensure the medication safety for patients.