新时代青少年母语方言学习和认同现状研究——以海口地区中学生为例

A Study on the Learning and Identification of Adolescents’ Native Dialect in the New Era——A Case Study of Haikou

青少年是方言文化传承的主力军,他们方言的学习、使用情况、认知态度等,不仅能够反映出当下城镇化过程中的语言社会问题,而且对濒危方言保护和传承有所启示。基于940位中学生的语言生活状况调查,发现:方言母语习得上,青少年以方言为第一语言的人数远远低于普通话的比例;方言能力上,大部分青少年只能满足日常基本交流,通过代际比较,青少年群体的整体方言能力明显不如中老年,存在显著差异;方言认同上,青少年整体上对方言的评价正向积极,但青少年对方言的认同度明显低于中老年;不过,大部分青少年仍然期望提高自己的方言水平,对方言文化节目和课程也持欢迎和接受态度。

Teenagers are the main force for the inheritance of dialect culture. Their dialect learning, usage and cognitive attitude can not only reflect the language social problems in the current urbanization process, but also provide enlightenment for the protection and inheritance of endangered dialects. Based on the survey of 940 middle school students, it is found that the number of teenagers who use dialects as their first language is much lower than that of Mandarin. In terms of dialect ability, most teenagers can only meet the daily basic communication. Through the comparison of generations, the overall dialect ability of teenagers is obviously inferior to the middle-aged and the elderly, and there is a significant difference. In terms of dialect identification, teenagers’ evaluation of dialect is positive on the whole, but the degree of dialect identification of teenagers is obviously lower than that of middle-aged and old people. However,most teenagers still expect to improve their dialect, and welcome dialect culture programs and courses.