基于机器视觉的教室智能控制系统设计

Design of Intelligent Control System for Classroom Environment Based on Machine Vision

针对学校普通教室使用过程中,照明灯和空调等电器均需要手动控制,容易发生教室无人或人数很少时,用电电器都处于工作状态这一电能浪费的问题,设计了一种基于机器视觉的教室智能控制系统。首先研究设计了硬件总体方案,对主控制器、人数、温度和光照度检测电路以及驱动电路进行了选型与设计;视觉系统根据照明灯的分布将教室分割成多个ROI区域,采用混合高斯模型算法,从拍摄到的教室图像提取出室内人员分布前景图,然后统计各区域人数,以区域是否有人控制各分区照明灯的开与关;教室温度调节采用PID控制算法,结合实时环境数据调控空调和风扇。与传统的智能系统相比,采用机器视觉使系统硬件构成简单,在精度和健壮性方面都有很好的提高。实验数据表明:视觉的计算精度可以达到90%左右,计算速度能满足系统控制要求,使电器得到适时控制,起到节能效果,并为师生营造良好的工作和学习环境。

In the course of using the traditional classroom in the school,the electric appliances such as the lighting lamp and the air conditioner all need to be controlled by hand,which is easy to cause the problem of electric energy waste that the electric appliances are all in working condition when the classroom is empty or the number of students is very small.In view of the above problems,a classroom intelligent control system based on machine vision was designed.Firstly,the overall hardware scheme was studied and designed,and the main controller,number detection circuit,the temperature and illumination detection circuit and the driving circuit were selected and designed.A hybrid gauss model algorithm was used to extract the foreground image of people distribution from the classroom images,and then the number of people in each area was counted to see how to controls the lights in each area.Classroom temperature regulation adopted PID control algorithm,combined with real-time environmental data to control air conditioning and fan.Compared with the traditional intelligent system,the machine vision makes the system hardware structure simple and has a good improvement in accuracy and robustness.The experimental data show that the precision of visual calculation can reach about 90%,the speed of calculation can meet the control requirements of the system,the electric apparatus can be controlled in time,the energy-saving effect can be achieved,and a good working environment can be created for teachers and students.