拜登政府与特朗普政府人工智能战略比较研究

A Comparative Study of Artificial Intelligence Strategies between the Biden Administration and the Trump Administration

在人工智能战略方面,虽然特朗普政府和拜登政府的指导理念有所不同,但战略目标相同,都是要保持美国在人工智能等新兴技术领域的世界领导地位。特朗普政府和拜登政府都从国家安全角度看待人工智能发展,将人工智能发展作为美国国家安全战略的重要组成部分之一。在与中国进行战略竞争方面,特朗普政府推行单边主义政策,拜登政府重视制定和运用国际规则制约中国。它们都对中国高科技企业进行打压,但手法有所不同。拜登政府继承特朗普政府将人工智能运用于军事领域的政策,但更重视最大限度地发挥人工智能优势在军事领域的实际使用,致力于提升美军作战能力。在特朗普政府人工智能军用发展基础上,拜登政府推出联合全域指挥控制,最大限度发挥人工智能优势在军事领域的运用。在全球化时代,技术封锁和垄断不可能得逞,开放合作和良性竞争有利于促进各方发展。中美应该努力增加在人工智能发展中的合作,避免因人工智能竞争将世界划分为两种平行秩序。

In terms of artificial intelligence(AI) strategy, while the Trump administration and the Biden administration differ in guiding philosophies, they share the strategic goal of maintaining the global leadership of the United States in the field of artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies. Both the Trump administration and the Biden administration view the development of AI from the perspective of national security, and both regard it as an important element of the national security strategy of the United States. In terms of strategic competition with China, the Trump administration has pursued a unilateralist policy, while the Biden administration attaches importance to formulating and applying international rules to restrain China. The Biden administration inherits the Trump administration’s policy of applying AI to military sector, but attaches more importance to maximizing the practical use of AI in the military to improve the U.S. army combat capabilities. Building on the Trump administration’s AI military development strategy, the Biden administration launched a Joint All-Domain Command and Control strategy to maximize the use of AI in the military. In the era of globalization, technological blockade and monopoly is unlikely to succeed. Open cooperation and healthy competition are conducive to the development of all parties. China and the United States should strive to increase cooperation in AI development and avoid the AI competition dividing the world into two parallel orders.