成都双流国际机场地表昆虫多样性及其与植被群落的关系

Relationship Between the Diversity of Above-Ground Insects and the Vegetation Community at Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport

鸟击对航空及鸟类安全构成了严重威胁,已经成为全球范围内重要的飞行灾害。掌握机场内草坪地表昆虫的多样性及其变化特征,对机场有效防控鸟击风险具有重要价值。2020年9月—2021年8月,采用陷阱法对成都双流国际机场地表昆虫多样性进行了调查,分析结果显示:(1)地表昆虫物种丰富度最高的目依次为鞘翅目Coleoptera、直翅目Orthoptera和双翅目Diptera,多度最高的目依次为膜翅目Hymenoptera、双翅目和直翅目;(2)不同植被群落地表昆虫构成和多样性存在差异,但优势类群均为鞘翅目、直翅目和膜翅目。喜旱莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides群落的昆虫多样性指数及优势度指数均最高,狗牙根Cynodon dactylon群落的最低,各群落间的相似性为50%~67.57%,物种组成差异不显著;(3)昆虫多样性随季节更替变化明显,物种丰富度秋季最高,夏季最低;物种多度冬季最高,春季最低;春、冬季以膜翅目和双翅目为主,夏季主要为膜翅目和直翅目。建议更换草坪区草种类型,选择高度矮化、无花或少开花或能天然驱虫的植物,增加割草频次,控制植被高度,在夏季提前介入加强昆虫,特别是鞘翅目及直翅目的防治,并开展昆虫群落动态监测以及时展开防控工作。

Bird strike seriously threatens the safety of wild birds,and has become a major aerial disaster worldwide.Studying the diversity and variation of above-ground insects within airports’lawn area is important to prevent bird strike.From September 2020 to August 2021,the trap method was adopted to investigate the diversity of litter-layer insects at Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport.The results showed that:(1)Coleoptera,Orthoptera,and Diptera have the highest species richness,Hymenoptera,Diptera and Orthoptera are the most abundant groups;(2)Coleoptera,Orthoptera and Hymenoptera are dominant insect groups in all plant communities,despite the different composition and diversity of insects in each community.Alternanthera philoxeroides has the highest insect diversity index and dominance index,while Cynodon dactylon has the lowest.The similarities of species richness between different communities range from 50%to 67.57%,showing no significant difference of species composition;(3)Insect diversity notably varies along with the change of seasons.The highest species richness occurred in autumn and the lowest occurred in summer.The highest species abundance occurred in winter and the lowest occurred in spring.Insect groups thriving in different seasons are diverse.The active groups in spring and winter are mainly Hymenoptera and Diptera,in summer are Hymenoptera and Orthoptera,and more groups will boom in autumn.It is recommended that changing lawn types by choosing flowerless and naturally insectrepellent species of grass,increasing the mowing frequency to control the height of vegetation,preventing insect(especially Coleoptera and Orthoptera)boom before summer,and monitoring the dynamics of insect communities should be implemented at the airport.